英文短语怎么背？

pace off／out

measure by paces or strides步测

If you want to know how far it is from the school to the post office，just pace it off．如果想知道从学校到邮局的距离，你步测一下就行了。

The engineer asked his assistant to pace out 40 metres．工程师叫助手用脚步测出40米来。

pack away

store sth．，as in a box存放（在盒子里等）

I'll try to find that old book，for it's been packed away for years．我要设法找到那本旧书，因为它存放在箱子里多年了。

Pack away your books，children．It's time for break．孩子们，把书收起来，课间休息时间到了。

pack in

1．stop停止；放弃

That noise is awful．Pack it in immediately！那嘈杂声太可怕了，赶快住手！

Why don't you pack it in？你为什么还不停止？

She didn't like her job at all and was thinking of packing it in．她一点也不喜欢她的工作，正打算辞掉呢。

2．push in把…塞入

They packed the people in as tightly as they could．他们尽量把人们推挤进去。

He packed all his clothes in after much trouble．他费好大劲才把所有衣服塞了进去。

3．attract large audiences to a theatre，concert，etc．吸引大批（听众或观众）

The new pop group is really packing in the teenagers．新的流行乐队确实吸引了大量的青少年。

The singer packed the crowds in．歌唱家吸引了大批听众。

pack off

send away；dismiss abruptly送走；突然解除

She always packs the children off to bed at about nine．她总是在9时左右打发孩子们上床睡觉。

She packed him off with a bottle of lemonade．她给了他一瓶柠檬，把他打发走了。

pack up

1．bundle包装；捆扎

Have you packed up your things？你的东西装好了没有？

2．get ready for a journey整理行装；准备出发

We must pack up and get ready to start．我们得整装待发了。

Let's pack up and spend a week in the countryside．咱们收拾东西到乡下去玩一个星期吧。

3．stop or abandon an activity停止工作

If you haven't learned how to drive after ten years， you may as well pack up．要是你10年后还不知道如何开车，那最好别开了。

We had worked hard all day，so at four we decided to pack up．我们苦干了一整天，所以下午4点钟就决定收工了。

4．cease to function（机器等）出故障

We had only just got the car out of the garage when the engine packed up．我们刚把车开出车库，引擎就出故障了。

My watch has just packed up．我的表刚停。

5．be dismissed被解雇

Helen was told by her boss to pack up．老板告诉海伦她被解雇了。

pad out

1．fill out with extra material用额外的材料充填

The tailor padded out the shoulders of the coat．裁缝给这上衣做垫肩。

2．make a sentence， story， etc．longer by adding unnecessary detail用不必要的材料拉长；添凑

Her letter to her aunt was not long enough，so she padded it out with information about the weather．她给她姨妈的信不长，她又添加了些有关天气的内容。

My advice is not to pad out your story with irrelevant details．我的意见是别用不相干的细节来拉长你的故事。

paddle one's own canoe work without help； earn one's own living独立自主；依靠自己

After his father died，he had to paddle his own canoe．他父亲死后，他只好自己谋生。

Don't worry about your son． He's old enough to paddle his own canoe．不要为你儿子担心，他已到了足以自力的年龄了。

paint in

add sth． to a picture by painting 加画；添画

He painted in a house to add some human interest．他添了一座房子以增加这幅画的人情味。

The standing figure on the right was painted in after the rest of the picture was completed．右边那个站立的人像，是在图画的其它部分画完以后加上的。

paint out

cover sth． by putting paint over it 用漆覆盖；涂掉

They painted out the old name of the street before they put in the new one．在刷上新的路名前他们先把旧路名涂掉。

Parts of old painting which appear unpleasing to later artists are sometimes painted out．古画中某些为后世艺术家所不喜欢的部分，有时就被涂掉了。

paint the town（red）

go out to drink and have a good time狂欢；痛饮

He's painting the town red in celebration of his good luck at the track．他为庆祝自己在田径场上的好运气而狂欢痛饮。

It was the sailors'first night ashore；they painted the town red．那是水手们上岸的第一夜，他们酗酒狂欢。

paint up

improve by using paint用涂料整饰

The school has been painted up for festival celebrations．为庆祝节日，校容已整修一新。

They have painted the place up after I left there．我走后他们把那地方油漆了一遍。

pair off／up

join or cause sb． to join sb． else to make a pair or couple（使）成对

The teacher told the children to pair off．老师让孩子们分成两人小组。

John paired up with Mary to play tennis．约翰和玛丽配对在网球中打双打。

The two eventually paired off after having been friends for several years．他们俩交了几年朋友后终于结婚了。

This shoe does not seem to pair up with that．这只鞋似乎跟那一只不成对。

pal up

become friends with sb．和…要好；结交

You should pal up with him．He'sthe man to help you．你应该和他交朋友，他会帮助你的。

John and Bill palled up on their first day at school and they have been friends ever since．约翰和比尔在入学第一天就要好了，打那以后他们一直是好朋友。

palm off

1．get rid of sth． one does not want by persuading sb． to accept or buy it用欺骗手段把…处理掉

He palmed his old washing machine off on his aunt，even though he knew it was always breaking down．他把他那台旧洗衣机硬给他姑妈，尽管他知道这机器老出毛病。

There should be alaw against people palming off rubbish like this．应该有一项禁止人们兜售这类劣质品的法令。

2．deceive by a trick or lie欺骗

He tried to palm his boss off with the story that he had been to the dentist．他企图欺骗他老板说他去看牙医了。

He has palmed off all that rubbish on the public．他以一派胡言欺骗了公众。

pan out

turn out； succeed结果；成功

Things didn't pan out well for them．事情的结果对他们并不妙。

Edison's efforts to invent an electric light bulb did not pan out until he used tungsten wires．爱迪生致力于发明电灯泡，直到采用钨丝才获成功。

We can't predict how things will pan out．我们无法预言事情会有什么样的结果。

pant for

have a strong wish for渴望

Give him the icecream； he's panting for it．给他冰淇淋吧，他非常想吃。

Working in the fields under the scorching sun， they were all panting for a cold drink．烈日下在地里干活，他们都渴望喝点清凉饮料。

paper over

1．cover over with paper用纸遮盖

A number of stains on the wall were papered over．墙上的一些污迹被纸糊盖起来了。

2．conceal掩盖

They tried to paper over the differences between union and management， but the agreement did not last for long．他们试图掩盖工会和资方的差异，但协议并没延续多久。

parallel to

running side by side with but never getting nearer to与…平行的

This line is parallel to that． 这条线与那条线平行。

parcel out

divide sth．into parts， shares or portions把…分成几份

After his death， his land was parcelled out among his family．他死后，他的土地分成了几份给了他的家人。

He parcelled out the remaining food to the workers．他将剩余的食物分给工人。

parcel up

make into a parcel把…包起来

He parcelled up some games and toys to take to the Children's Home．他包起一些游戏用具和玩具，拿到儿童之家去。

They parcelled up the books and posted them．他们把书包好寄出去了。

pare down reduce or minimise sth．，esp．costs， expenditure，etc．削减；削掉

If we're going on holiday，we must pare down all our other expenses．如果要去度假，我们就得削减其它一切开支。

With less money coming in they had to pare down their household expenses．收入减少了，他们不得不紧缩家庭开支。

With a knife he pared down the stick．他用刀子把那根木棒削细。

part company

1．part；leave each other分手；分开

He was reluctant to part company with her．他不愿同她分手。

They quarrelled violently and after that parted company ．他们大吵了一架，从此就分手了。

2． be different in opinion or action 意见不同；迥异

They parted company with us on that question．在那个问题上，他们和我们意见不一致。

part from

leave离开

It's hard to part from friends you love．要离开你所爱的朋友是很难过的。

The little boy wouldn't be parted from his pet rabbit．这小男孩舍不得离开他心爱的兔子。

part with

1．separate from分手

He parted with us at the end of the trip．旅行结束时他与我们分手了。

I parted with my friend on the pier yesterday．我昨天在码头上和我的朋友告别。

2．spend；sell（esp．at a very low price）花掉；卖掉

He's not the sort who's happy to part with hardearned cash．他不是那种舍得把辛辛苦苦赚来的钱随便花掉的人。

In order to raise money Cathy had to part with some of her jewels．为了筹款，凯茜只好卖掉自己的一些珠宝。

3．give up； dispense with放弃；省掉

They were sorry to part with the old house．他们对让出旧房子感到很惋惜。

4．cease to employ辞退

I parted with him for dishonesty．因他不老实我把他辞退了。

He had to part with his secretary when she got married．他的秘书结婚了，他只好让她走。

partake of

1． eat or drink some of分享

Let's partake of a meal before we part．我们离别前，一起吃顿饭吧。

2．have the same qualities as ；show the characteristics of有…相同的性质

She partakes of her mother's character．她的性格有些象她母亲。

Her way of cooking partook of both Italian and American habits．她的烹调既带有意大利风味又带有美国风味。

participate in

join（in）参加

Bob would not participate in the other children's games．鲍勃不愿参加其他孩子的游戏。

How many people participated in the inaugural ceremony？多少人参加了开幕典礼？

pass away

1．go by度过；过去

We had so much fun that the weekend passed away before we realized it．我们玩得非常开心，周末不知不觉就过去了。

He passed the evening away playing caras．他打了一晚的牌。

2．end；disappear结束；消失

When automobiles became popular，汽车普及后，人们就不再用马了。

He felt dizzy after the accident，but the doctor assured him the dizziness would soon pass away．事故以后他感到头晕，可医生告诉他说这种现象很快就会消失的。

3．die 逝世

I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother has passed away．听说你奶奶不在了，我很难过。

Mary passed away in her sleep last night．玛丽是在昨晚睡觉时去世的。

pass by

1． go past走过

He passed by without greeting me．他经过我面前时没打招呼。

A bus passed by just a moment aso．一辆公共汽车刚开过去。

2．（time）elapse ：（chance or opportunity）slip by（时间）过去；（机会）错过

The patient grew steadily better as the days passed by．一天天过去了，病人逐渐好转起来。

3．overlook； ignore忽略

We'll pass that matter by for the moment．我们暂时不去考虑那件事。

In making the selection we passed this short piece by quite inadvertently．在挑选时我们完全由于疏忽而漏过了这篇短文。

pass down

hand or transfer sth．（from one generation to another）把…往下传递

The craft of candlemaking has been passed down for mang generations．蜡烛制作的工艺流传了许多代人。

pass for

be taken for被当作

Do you think he will pass for a cook wearing that hat？你以为他戴上那顶帽子就会被当作厨师了吗？

He would never pass for an Englishman；his pronunciation gives him away．人们决不会把他当成英国人，他的发音就听得出来。

pass into

1． go into进入

He passed into the college by the narrowest possible margin．他十分勉强地考进了这个学院。

Patients under hypnosis pass into a trancelike state．被催眠的病人都进入昏睡状态。

2．become gradually 逐渐变成

When water boils it passes into steam．水沸腾后变成蒸汽。

His words may pass into a proverb．他的话可能会流传为谚语。

On his death， the farm passed into the hands of the state．他死后，农场归国家所有。

3．record into载入

The general's brilliant military achievements have passed into history．将军的辉煌军事成就已成了历史。

pass muster

pass a test or check up； be good enough通过考核；及格；符合要求

Such excuses will not pass muster with him．这种借口在他面前是通不过的。

After a period of practice，he was able to pass muster as a qualified lawyer．他实践了一段时间以后，便成了一名合格的律师。

pass off

1． pretend假装

He passed himself off as a doctor until someone checked his record．在人们查阅他的档案之前，他一直伪装成医生。

They resorted to the trick of passing off fisheyes as pearls．他们使用了鱼目混珠的伎俩。

2． disappear 消失

Mrs．White's headache had passed off by that night．怀特太太到了夜里头痛便消失了。

A few minutes after we started，the fog began to pass off．我们动身后几分钟，雾就开始散去。

3．reach an end；last through to completion；take place完成；举行

The party passed off well．聚会开得很成功。The organisers were pleased that the demonstration passed off without any police arrests．组织者们很高兴警察没有在这次游行中抓人。

4．ignore；treat as unimportant忽视；把…看作无关紧要

She hated his familiarity，but passed it off as a joke．她讨厌他那种亲昵的态度，但一笑置之。

His rude remark was passed off by the host．主人并没有把他的粗鲁的话放在心上。

pass on

1．hand…on传授；传递

He was a simple man， content to pass on his learning to new generations．他是一位纯朴的人，以传授学问给后辈为满足。

Please read this notice and pass it on to others．通知看后请传给其他人。

2．die死

He passed on quietly at his home last night．昨天他在寓所安详地死去。

3．move on； go on继续下去；前进

I have said enough o this subject，now let me pass on．关于这个问题，我已经谈了不少，现在我接着谈下面的问题。

Time passed on like an arrow．光阴似箭。

4．give an opinion about；judge提议；审核

The jury will pass on the case next week．陪审团将在下星期对这个案件作出裁决。

Will you pass on the authenticity of this painting？请你鉴定一下这幅画是不是真的？

pass out

1．lose consciousness；faint昏迷

The atmosphere in the crowded hall became so stifling that two of the women passed out．拥挤不堪的大厅里闷得令人窒息，两个妇女晕了过去。

She passed out while we were waiting for the doctor．我们正在等大夫时，她晕过去了。

She went back to work while she was still sick，and finally she just passed out．她带病重返工作，最后晕了过去。

2．distribute分发

The salesman passed out cigarettes to everyone in the restaurant．推销员给饭店里所有的人发了香烟。

The exhibitors at the trade fair pass out free samples to stimulate interest．参加交易会展出的厂商免费赠送样品以引起人们的兴趣。

3．die死

Mr．White passed out last，night．怀特先生昨晚去世。

4．graduate毕业（尤指军事院校）

Just over fifty students will be passing out at the end of the semester．有50多名学生在本学期末将学成毕业。

pass over

1．cross横过

We must take care in passing over the road．我们过马路时必须小心。

2．forgive宽恕

I cannot pass over his fault．我不能宽恕他的过失。

I'll pass it over this time； but don't do it again．这回我饶恕你，但下次不可这样。

3．overlook；pay no attention to 对…置之不理

I cannot pass the matter over．我不能对此事置之不理。

You can't pass over these painful sources of conflict and hope they'll naturally disappear．你不能回避这些令人痛苦的冲突根源而希望它们会自然消失。

I wonder what made the reviewer pass over this aspect of the book in silence．我不知道书评作者为什么只字不提该书的这一方面。

4．review or summarise sth．briefly回顾；浏览

He quickly passed over the decisions which had been made at the last meeting．他很快把上次会议作出的决定回顾了一下。

I have read the first two chapters and passed over the rest of the book．书的第1、2章我已阅读过了，其余部分我只粗看了一遍。

5．not promote or choose sb． who feels he should be promoted不予考虑（提升、任命）

Did you hear that they've passed over poor old Henry for a newcomer？你听说了吗，他们没考虑提升可怜的老亨利，而提升了一个新来的？

He was passed over by the Army Promotion Board．他未被陆军晋级委员会考虑提升。

pass the buck

make sb． decide sth．or accept a responsibility or give orders instead of doing it oneself推诿；推卸责任

The favorite game in that office is passing the buck． Everybody refers you to somebody else．那个办公室的拿手好戏是推诿责任，大家都叫你去问别人。

Although it was his fault，he tried to pass the buck on to someone else．虽然那是他的过错，可他却竭力推卸责任，怪罪别人。

pass the time of day

say hello to sb．寒暄；打招呼

She is so haughty that she will scarcely condescend to pass the time of day with people when she meets them．她非常傲慢，每次碰到人几乎都不愿和他们打招呼。

They met at the corner and paused to pass the time of day．他们在拐角处相遇，停下来寒暄了几句。

pass through

1．experience 经历；经过

The country is passing through an economic crisis．这个国家正在经历一场经济危机。

This soldier passed through many dangers．这个士兵经历了许多危险。

2．travel through经过

I passed through a picturesque village on my way here．在来这里的路上，我经过一个风景如画的乡村。

He passed through the doorway and entered the room．他穿过门口进入室内。

3．complete a course of training at 在…学完训练课程

He passed through a university course in Beijing．他在北京修完了大学的课程。

After passing through college，he was assgned to work in a big factory．大学毕业后，他被分配到一家大工厂工作。

pass up

1．let go放弃

John was offered a good job in California，but he passed it up because he didn't want to move．约翰在加州得到一份好工作，可他放弃了，因为他不想搬家。

He passed up the chance of going to New York for a year．他放弃了去纽约一年的机会。

2．hand to sb．above oneself 把…向上递

Pass up the paint pot and brush，and I'll put another coat on the ceiling．把油漆桶和刷子递给我，我要把天花板再上一层漆。

3．decline；reject谢绝；拒绝

Mary passed up the dessert because she was on a diet．玛丽没吃甜食，因为她在节食。

paste up

fasten with paste to a surface用浆糊把…贴在上面

They have pasted up a notice on the wall．他们在墙上贴了一张布告。

The printer pasted up the first chapter to show the author what his book would look like．印刷工把书的第1章粘贴好了，让作者了解他的书会是什么样的。

pat on the back

clap lightly on the back in support，encouragement or praise赞许；鼓励Sometimes it's a good thing to pat the children on the back for their achievement．有时，对孩子们的成绩表示称赞是件好事。

The coach patted the player on the back and said a few encouraging words．教练拍拍选手的背说了几句鼓励的话。

patch up

1．mend修补；修理

The man patched up the broken vase before his wife noticed it．那人在妻子发现花瓶被打破之前，把它修补了一下。

His clothes were patched up very neatly．他的衣服补得很整齐。

2． solve or settle an argument，disagreement，etc．解决（纠纷、争吵等）

We decided to patch up our differences and become friends again．我们决定消除分歧，言归于好。

They soon patched up their disagreement．他们很快平息了他们之间的纠纷。

pause（up）on

think about思考

Let me pause on these matters be fore I make a decision．在做出决定之前让我想一下。

pave the way

make preparations准备

A good education paves the way to success．良好的教育为成功奠定基础。

Aviation paved the way for space travel．航空为太空旅行铺平了道路。

pay as one goes

pay cash；pay at once当场付清；银货两讫

It's best to pay as you go；then you will not have to worry about paying debts later．最好能当场付清，这样就不必担心日后负债了。

pay a visit to

call on 访问

I paid a visit to Mr．and Mrs．Smith yesterday afternoon．昨天下午我去拜访了史密斯夫妇。

pay attention to

place importance on注意

Please pay attention to the use of this word．请注意这个词的用法。

Economists are paying close attention to the latest developments in the Middle East．经济学家们正密切注视着中东的最新发展。

Pay attention to uniting and working with those who differ with you．注意团结那些和自己意见不同的人一道工作。

pay back

1．return punishment报复

He paid me back by not coming．他采取不来的方式向我报复。

We'll pay them back for their insults one day．总有一天，我们将对他们的恶意中伤进行报复。

2．return（money）还钱；还债

I'm certain that he will pay back every cent he owes you．我敢肯定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。

pay down

1．pay in cash；pay on the spot付现款；当场支付

She pdid the money down and took the goods．她当场付了钱，并取走了货物。

2．pay（part of the purchase price）at the time of purchase as a deposit 先支付（部分货款）

How much did you have to pay down on the car？你买这部汽车得先付多少货款？

You pay down only ten dollars and then you pay five dollars a month for eight months．你只需先付10美元，然后分8个月每月付5美元。

pay for

1． give money for付钱

I have paid for these pens．我已付过这些钢笔的钱了。

You pay for it at the time you order it．你订购时就得付款。

2．have trouble because of因…而付出代价

When Bob could not get a good job，he realized he had to pay for all the years of fooling around instead of working hard in school．当鲍勃找不到理想的工作时，他意识到了这些年来他游手好闲，在学校不用心读书，因而得付出代价。

If you don't work now， you'll pay for it later when you fail your exams．你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。

pay off

1．pay the wages of付工资

The men were paid off just before the holiday．刚好放假前，这些人领到了工资。

They're usually paid off at weekends．他们一般在周末领工资。

2．discharge a debt completely偿清（债务）

It took them three years to pay off their debts．他们付了3年才付清了债务。

You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one．你必须还清旧债才能再借款。

3．be rewarding有报偿

John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off．约翰考试前学习很刻苦，因而得到了回报。

It has been rather costly to install the machinery， but it should pay off in the long run．安装机械的代价很高，但从长远看是划算的。

4．pay and discharge from a job发薪遣散

The manager paid off the redundant employees．经理将冗员的工资付清后把他们解雇了。

The whole ship's crew were paid off at the end of the voyage．远航结束时全船员工拿到工资后就被遣散了。

5．get revenge on报复；报仇

You'll be paid off for negligence．你将因失职而受到处罚。

Joel wanted to pdy William off for backbiting him．乔尔因威廉在背后说他坏话而要对他进行报复。

6． give money to sb． to stop him from threatening给（某人）钱使其不做危害自己的事；贿赂

He agreed to pay the gang off if they promised not to burn down his shop．如果匪徒们答应不烧毁他的商店，他同意给他们钱。

The inspector won't be paid off to let that go through．检查员是不会受贿而让那件事通过的。

pay one's way

1．pay one's daily expenses without going into debt 付清日常消费；不负债

I paid my way through college by acting as a guide．我靠当导游自己负担上大学期间的全部费用。

He earns barely enough money to pay his way．他赚钱仅足糊口。

2．meet one's obligations尽自己的责任

He is useful and goodnatured；he is a man who pays his way．他很能干，个性又好，是一个尽职的人。

3．be profitable；be valuable to an employer有盈利；值得雇佣

We had to offer our new manager a high salary， but he was a capable man and paid his way．我们只得给新经理高薪，不过他很能干，请他值得。

It will take time for the restaurant to begin paying its way．这家餐馆还要经营一段时间才能盈利。

pay out

1． give money付出钱

You can either draw the money in monthly installments until it is exhausted，or you can be paid out here and now．你可以把钱分月提取，直到取完为止，也可以当场一次提完。

He must have paid＄ 50 out on repairing that house this month．他这个月一定已经付了50美元来修理这所房子。

2．take revenge on向…报复

Wrongdoers are usually paid out in the end．干坏事的人通常到最后会受到惩罚。

I've paid him out for the trick he played on me．他捉弄了我，我已进行了报复。

3．cause a rope， cable，etc． to run throngh one's hands放松；放出（绳子）

The kite climbed steadily higher until there was no more string to pay out．风筝平稳地越飞越高，直到手上再也放不出线来。

The fish which was hooked darted away so rapidly that we were obliged to pay out the line fast．我们钓住的那条鱼逃得很急，我们只好加快速度放长钓线。

pay the piper

suffer the results of being foolish 自作自受；承担责任

He wasted much of the fund owing to mismanagement，so now he must pay the piper．由于管理不善，他浪费了大量资金，所以现在他必须承担后果。

Jack had spent all his money and got into debt， so now he must pay the piper．杰克把钱花光并欠了债，现在他可要自作自受了。

pay through the nose

pay at a very high rate；pay too much付出高价

There was a shortage of cars；if you found one for sale，you had to pay through the nose．汽车缺货，如果有卖，也得出高价。

He had wanted experience， but this job seemed like paying through the nose for it．他想取得经验，但是这个工作的代价太大了。

pay up

pay in full付清

The monthly installments on the car were paid up．为买汽车按月应付的款已经付清。

My goods have vanished and the insurance company will have to pay up．我那批货丢失了，保险公司要偿付保险金。

peck at

1． bite at with short sharp movements啄

The children watched the birds pecking at the corn．孩子们看着那些小鸟啄玉米。

2．eat very little of少量地吃；一点一点地吃

No wonder he is losing weight．He hardly eats． He just pecks at the food．难怪他瘦了。他简直吃不下东西，只吃一点点。

He pecked at his breakfast of egg and bacon．早餐时，他只吃了一点咸肉和鸡蛋。

3． strike with repeated small blows 连续轻击

The boy started perking at the keys of the piano．那男孩开始在钢琴键上乱弹一气。

4．find fault with constantly屡次找岔子

It's no good pecking at one another．互相找岔子没有好处。

Stop pecking a him．It was only a small thing after all．不要老是责备他，毕竟这只是件小事。

peculiar to

belonging only to（a particular person，place，time，etc．）为…所特有的

That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this part of the country．那种说话方式是这个国家这一地区的人所特有的。

It's a custom peculiar to the region．这是该地区所特有的风俗。

peel off

1．remove（the outer layer or covering）去掉（外层或覆盖的）

I can peel the skin off with my fingers．我可以用手指把皮剥掉。

2．remove（clothing）脱衣服

He was so hot that he peeled off his jacket．他热得把茄克衫脱了。

She peeled off and dived into the water．她脱了衣服潜入水中。

3．come off； scale off剥落；脱落

The paint on our house is peeling off in several places．我们的屋子有几处油漆脱落了。

peep／peek at

look at sth．secretly 偷看；窥视

Through a keyhole he peeped at what was happening inside．他从锁眼里窥视室内的动静。

She felt she was constantly being peeped at．她感到自己一直受人监视着。

peg away

work hard and steadily at sth．坚持不懈地工作

He found maths difficult but he pegged away at it every evening and passed the exam．他觉得数学很难，但他每天晚上都用功，最后通过了考试。

To write a novel， one must keep pegging away at it consistently．要写小说，必须不断地辛勤劳动。

peg down

1．fasten down with pegs用木桩固定

They pegged down their tent，ready for the night．他们用木桩把帐篷固定，准备过夜。

2．make sb． keep to a certain line of action；restrict sb． to the rules 约束（某人）的行动

It's proving very difficult to peg him down to a definite date for completion．硬要他定期完成任务，显然是很困难的。

When it comes to getting a clear promise，he's very hard to peg down．想叫他明确答应下来，那实在很难。

peg out

1．mark out the boundaries of with pegs fixed in the ground用木桩在地上标出

The surveyor pegged out the plot of land．测量员用木桩标出这块地。

2． faint or collapse from exhaustion精疲力尽；晕倒

He'll never give up work；he'll go on until he pegs out．他决不中途放下工作，定要干到精疲力尽为止。

3．die死

At this height， a climber can peg out from lack of oxygen．在这样的高度，爬山者会因缺氧而死去。

pep up

give energy to使有劲；使活跃起来

A holiday in the sun will pep you up and you 'll soon feel better．阳光下的假日会使你活跃起来，你很快就会感到有所好转。

He pepped me up a lot with his comments．他的话使我大为振奋。

perk up

1．raise （the head， tail，ears，etc．） briskly or spiritedly昂（首）；翘（尾）；竖起（耳朵等）

The dog perked up its ears．狗竖起了耳朵。

2．become or cause to become lively and active活跃起来；振作起来

She perked up when I suggested that we go to the theatre that evening．当我建议我们那天晚上去看戏时她可来劲了。

As the spring came on， the patient began to perk up．春天一到，病人的精神就开始好起来了。

permit of

admit of有…的可能

The travel arrangements do not permit of any change whatsoever．旅行安排一点变更的可能性也没有。

This passage permits of more than one interpretation．这段文字可能有几种解释。

persist in

continue resolutely继续 ；坚持

She persisted in wearing that oldfashioned hat．她坚持要戴那顶旧式的帽子。

He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue．他虽然疲倦极了，可是仍然坚持工作。

persuade of

convince 使相信

How can I persuade you of my sincerity？我如何才能使你相信我是真诚的呢？

I am persuaded of his honesty．我相信他是诚实的。

pertain to

be connected or associated with sth．从属；附属

The fire and dash pertaining to youth are not much in evidence among these people．年轻人固有的热情和锐气在这些人身上不很明显。

The other questions pertaining to this matter have yet to be answered．关于这事的其它问题还有待于回答。

We have got the documents pertaining to the case．我们已经得到了该案件的有关文件。

peter out

steadily weaken or decrease and come to an end渐趋消失；逐渐停止

Her enthusiasm for dancing petered out and she stopped going to lessons．她对舞蹈的热情已渐趋消失，而且已不再去上课了。

The enemy's supplies petered out．敌人的给养耗尽了。

As he thought of her， his anger slowly petered out．一想到她，他的怒气就慢慢平息了。

phase in

introduce sth．gradually or in stage 逐步采用；分阶段引入

They phased in the new course by accepting just five students in the first year， and ten in the second．他们逐步发展新专业，第一年只收5个学生，第二年收了10个学生。

They've decided to phase the new techniques in．他们已决定逐步引进那些新技术。

phase out

withdraw sth．gradually or in stage逐步停止；逐步撤去；逐步淘汰

Will that country phase out its oil exports？那个国家会逐步停止输出石油吗？

The agreement called for the phasing out of troops in the area．协议要求从那个地区逐步撤出军队。

The old machinery here will be phased out．这里的旧机器将被逐步淘汰。

pick and choose

select with much care挑三拣四

Some people pick and choose to get something perfect，and some just because they can't make up their minds．有些人挑剔是想得到完美的东西，而有的人只是因为拿不定主意。

You haven't time to pick and choose from among so many pictures．这么多的图片，你是没有时间从中细选的。

pick apart

1．tear into pieces撕成碎片；拆散

As this skirt fits badly，I'll pick it apart and remake it．这条裙子不合身，我要把它拆了重做。

2．criticise harshly；find fault with 猛烈批评；找岔子

He is always picking apart every girl he meets．Naturally ever yone has some faults．他每遇到一个姑娘总爱挑剔，其实每个人都会有缺点的。

After the dance， the girls picked Mary apart．舞会后，女孩们都责备玛丽。

pick at

1．eat without appetite挑食

Stop picking at your food， Janet！

Eat it all up or you won't have any pudding！珍妮，不要挑食！全部吃下去，否则就不给你吃布丁了！

She had no appetite and only picked at food．她食欲不振，只吃了一点点食物。

2．find fault with对…吹毛求疵

They showed their displeasure by continually picking at her．他们不断挑她的毛病以示他们的不满。

She'd been picked at so often by parents and teachers that she didn't know how to behave．家长和老师经常对她吹毛求疵，她简直不知怎么办才好。

pick off

1．take off； remove with the fingers脱下

The insecticide might harm the flowers Let's pick off the insects by hand．杀虫剂可能会伤害花朵。我们还是用手把虫捉下来吧。

Don't pick off any of these flowers．这些花一朵也不要摘。

2．shoot or bring down singly or selectively逐个地或有选择地射中或打下

They picked off the officers first，so as to throw the enemy troops into confusion．他们首先把军官一个个地击毙，使敌军陷入混乱。

pick on

1．annoy使烦恼

The children picked their father on until he agreed to have a ride．孩子们一直缠着父亲，直到他同意开车出去兜风。

Little Tom complained that his mother was always picking on him．小汤姆抱怨说，妈妈老是挑他毛病。

2． choose选择

He visited a lot of universities，and finally picked on Stanford．他去了许多大学，最后选择了斯坦福大学。

Why do they always pick on her to do the difficult tasks？他们为什么老是找她去干困难的工作？

pick one's way

advance with care谨慎前进

After nightfall we drove slowly along，picking our way until we found the right building．天黑后，我们驾车慢慢地往前开，直到发现了我们要找的大楼。

The driver picked his way across the rough and rocky hillside．司机小心地越过崎岖的山坡。

pick out

1．choose挑选

It took Mary a long time to pick out a new dress at the store．玛丽在商店里花了好长时间才挑中一件新衣服。

You may pick out any two books listed here．你可以在这图书目录中任选2本。

2． tell from others区分

We could pick out different places in the city from the airplane．从飞机上我们可以辨认出这座城市里的不同地方。

Although he had not seen his sister for twenty years，he picked her out as soon as she got off the plane．尽管他和妹妹有20年没见了，可她一下飞机他就认出了她。

He has such a distinctive appearance that I could pick him out anywhere．他的样子非常特别，不论在哪里我都可以认出他来。

3．tell the meaning领会；弄明白

In spite of the difficulty of the passage，we succeeded in picking out its sense by our concerted efforts．这段文字虽然难懂，但我们通过共同努力还是弄懂了它的含义。

4．play a tune by ear on a musical instrument凭听觉记忆在乐器上奏出曲调

As soon as she'd sung the first verse， he picked out the tune on the piano．她一唱完第一部分，他就在钢琴上把它弹奏了出来。

5．relieve（the ground color）with another color（用不同的颜色）衬托（底色）

The ancient cloister was a structure of red brick picked out with white stones．这个古老的修道院是一座白石衬托红砖的建筑物。

All the important passages in the article were picked out in red．该文的重要段落均用红笔勾出。

pick over

select the best of选出最好的

She picked the apples over and threw out the bad ones．她把好苹果挑出来，把坏的扔掉。

We picked over the cotton seeds before sowing．我们将那些棉籽经过挑选之后才播种。

pick sb．'s pocket

steal扒窃（某人的东西）

Thieves pick the pockets of unwary people．小偷扒窃粗心大意的人口袋里的东西。

The guy was given a good talkingto when he was found picking a customer's pocket in the shop．那家伙在商店里行窃时被当场发现，挨了一顿训斥。

pick up

1．lift；take up；raise after a fall 拾起；拿起；跌倒后爬起

The children picked up many sea shells at the seashore．孩子们在海边拾到很多贝壳。

During the morning Mrs．Carter picked up sticks in the yard．早上卡特太太在院子里拾柴。

He fell but at once picked himself up．他跌了一跤，但马上又爬了起来。

2． pay支付

After lunch in the restaurant，Uncle Bob picked up the check．在餐馆吃完饭后，鲍勃叔叔付了饭钱。

They offered to pick up the bill for all the expenses of the trip．他们表示愿意把全部旅行费用的帐单接受下来。

3．take on（开车）带人

The train stopped to pick up passenger．火车停下来让乘客上车。

I'll pick you up at your office．我到办公室来接你。

At the corner the bus stopped and picked up three people．在街拐角处汽车停下来让3个人上车。

4． collect收集

They picked up some rumours that the firm was going to close down．他们听到一些关于公司要倒闭的谣传。

They are trying to pick up information．他们在设法收集情报。

He picked up rare coins in seaports all over the world．他在世界各港口收集稀有硬币。

5． gather together收拾；整理

It's almost dinner time， children．Time to pick up and get ready．快到吃饭时间了，孩子们。收拾收拾，准备开饭。

Let's pick up the room before everyone arrives．我们在大家来之前把房间整理好吧。

It's time to pick up tools and go home．现在是收拾工具回家的时候了。

6．get，learn accidentally 偶然得到（或学到、找到）

He never studied Japanese；what he knows is what he picked up while living in Japan．他从未正式学过日文，他所懂的一些日文是他居住在日本时随便学来的。

He picked up a beautiful statue when he was in Rome．他在罗马时买到了一尊美丽的塑像。

I picked up that volume in a secondhand book shop．那本书是我偶然在一家旧书店里找到的。

He has picked up some bad habits at that club．他在那个俱乐部沾染上了一些坏习气。

7．make friends with与…交朋友

Mother told Mary not to walk home by herself from the party be cause some strangers might try to pick her up．妈妈告诉玛丽舞会后不要独自步行回家，因为会有陌生人与她搭讪。

I think she picked him up at a dance．我想她是在舞会上与他认识的。

8．arrest逮捕

The main suspect in thr murder case was finally picked up by police in London yesterday．谋杀案中的主要嫌疑犯昨天在伦敦被警察抓住了。

police picked the man up for burglary．警察因这男子盗窃而逮捕了他。

9．receive radio signals收到信号

With my new radio I can pick up stations all over Europe．我的新收音机可接收到欧洲所有的电台。

The enemy planes are picked up by our radar installations．敌机被我们的雷达发现了。

10．rescue sb．from the water从水上救起

AirSea Rescue picked up the downed airman after receiving an SOS message．空海营救队接到呼救信号后，在海上救起了被击落的飞行员。

They picked up the survivors in the lifeboat．他们救起了救生艇里的幸存者。

11．find and travel along（a route，a trail， etc．）发现（道路、踪迹等）并沿着走

State police picked up the bandits'trail．州警察发现了土匪的踪迹。

We picked up the trail of the fugitives and soon overtook them．我们找到逃亡者的踪迹，不久就追上了他们。

12．continue or return to sth． after a break or interruption重新开始

He picked up the story where he had left it the day before．他接着往下讲前天没讲完的故事。

I found it difficult to pick up the discussion again after lunch．我发现午饭后再继续讨论很困难。

13．make sb．feel better使感觉好些

Catherine was feeling very bad yesterday but has picked up a lot today．凯瑟琳昨天身体很不好，但今天觉得好多了。

A bit of exercise will pick you up．你稍微运动运动会恢复健康的。

A little food will pick you up．吃点东西会使你感觉好些。

14． become faster加快

About a mile out of the station the train began to pick up speed．出站大约一英里，火车开始加速。

piece of cake

（a） very easy thing非常容易的事

Don't think this job is a piece of cake．You'll have to rack your brains once you start on it．别以为这事很容易，你干了就知道它是很伤脑筋的。

piece out

1． put together from many different pieces拼凑；使…连起来

You must piece out the full story from your own imaginations．整个故事情节得通过你的想象才能串连起来。

They pieced out a meal from leftovers．他们把剩余的饭菜拼凑出一餐来。

2．make larger or longer by adding one or more pieces加长；加大

The boy grew so fast that his mother had to piece out his coat．孩子长得太快了，他母亲只好把他的衣服接长。

piece together

put together piece by piece 一片片拼合；拼凑

She pieced together a blanket from odds and ends of wool．她用零碎毛料拼凑成一床毛毯。

One cannot write a good narrative simply by piecing together the details．只是把细节拼凑起来并不能写出一篇好的记叙文。

I managed to piece together what had happened frow what he told me．我终于按他讲的情况把事情经过贯穿了起来。

piece up

patch up修补；接合

Let's piece up this broken tyre．我们来把这个破轮胎修补一下。

He was trying to piece up those fragments．他在设法把那些碎片拼合起来。

pile in（to）

1．push， crowd into （a car， room，football ground，etc．）挤进；拥入

All five of us piled into George's car．我们 5个人全都挤进了乔治的汽车。

Reports of bumper harvests came piling in from all parts of the country．丰收的消息从全国各地涌来。

2． eat吃

The meal is ready， pile in．饭好了，吃吧。

3．attack violently猛烈攻击

John piled into his opponent， almost knocking him down at the first assault．约翰猛击对手，第1次攻击就几乎把他打倒在地。

pile it on

exaggerate；stretch the truth夸大

Stop piling it on； it's not half as bad as you make it appear．别夸大其辞了，情况远没有你描述的那么糟。

pile on（to）

put on in a heap堆上

Why is it that all the extra work gets piled onto me at Christmas time？为什么圣诞节期间把所有额外工作都堆在我身上？

Pile on more coal；the fire is going out．火快灭了，再加些煤。

pile out

push out（of a car， room， etc．）挤出去；蜂涌而出

We piled out of the back of the car and stretched our cramped limbs．我们争先恐后地从后面下车，活动一下被挤得动弹不得的四肢。

pile up

1．grow into a big heap积聚

He didn't go into his office for three days and his work kept piling up．他3天没去上班，工作积了一大堆。

Don't let your work pile up； never leave till tomorrow what you can finish today．不要积压工作，今天能处理的决不要拖到明天。

They had piled up a lot of earth in one corner of the garden．他们在花园一角堆积了很多土。

He has piled up a lot of troubles for himself．他给自己找了一身麻烦。

2． crash冲撞

Several cars and lorries piled up on the motorway in thick fog this morning．今天早上，高速公路上有好几辆小汽车及卡车在大雾中相撞。

One car made a sudden stop and the two cars behind it piled up．一辆小汽车突然停住，后面的两辆撞了起来。

pin down

1．fix by means of a pin；fix immovably用针固定住；压住

They seemed to have pinned his legs down under a heavy weight．他们似乎用很重的东西把他的双腿压得不能动弹了。

2．bind使受约制；使受限制

They managed to pin him down to a particular time and place．他们设法给他规定一个时间和地点。

He agreed to lecture here next year， but I couldn't pin him down to a firm date．他答应明年来讲学，但我无法叫他定出一个具体的日期。

3． get sb． to make a definite statement使表明态度

We did try to pin him down on his plans for the swimming pool，but he remained evasive．我们的确想要他对他所拟订的游泳池计划表明态度，但他总是闪烁其辞。

4． accurately define or determine sth．确定；证实

It was impossible to pin down exactly what it was that he was trying to say．不可能完全弄明白他想说的是什么。

pin one's faith on／upon／to trust 信任

Don't pin your faith on his promises；he is known to be a rogue．不要相信他的诺言，大家都知道他是个无赖。

I shouldn't pin my faith to what he says．我不该盲目相信他的话。

pin one's hope（s） on

expect寄希望于

The shopkeeper pinned his hopes on a revival of trade．店主希望生意再度兴隆起来。

Some of the old people pinned their hope on government relief．有些老年人把整个希望寄托在政府的救济上。

pine away

waste away with grief 憔悴

After her son went into the army，she pined away for him to such an extent that her health began to suffer．她的儿子参军以后，她很为他忧伤，身体日渐虚弱。

pipe down

1．call（sailors） away from work with a whistle吹哨唤（水手们）下班

He piped the men down after boat drill．航行实习后他吹口哨解散队员。

2．stop talking；be quiet停止讲话；安静

Do pipe down！I'm trying to work．务请安静下来！我要干活。

The boy kept interrupting the speaker with questions，and every one of us had to pipe him down．那男孩老是发问，打断发言人的话，我们大家只得叫他住口。

pipe up speak up大胆地说

Everyone was afraid to talk to the police，but a small child piped up．大家都怕同警察说话，可是一位小男孩大胆地站出来开了腔。

He piped up near the end of the meeting．会议临近结束时，他起来发了言。

pitch in

1．start work eagerly 努力投入工作

If everyone pitched in we'll soon have the job finished．如果每个人都拼命干，我们很快就能把活干完。

2．give help or money for sth．；contribute帮助某事；捐献

He wouldn't have finished the painting if his wife hadn't pitched in．如果没有他妻子尽力协助，这幅画他就完不成了。

We all pitched in 5 yuan to buy her a present．我们每人都捐5块钱买了一份礼物送给她。

pitch into

1．work hard at投身于

She pitched into the work and had the house cleaned up by noon．她拼命地干，到中午前后便把房子打扫干净了。

2． attack with blows or words大骂；攻击

The boys had to be separated once they had pitched into each other．男孩子们一旦打架就得把他们分开。

He pitched into the idea of raising taxes．他对增加税收的建议大肆攻击。

3．begin to eat heartily开始大吃

After walking on the hills all day，they could hardly wait to pitch into their dinner．在山上走了一整天后，他们等不及地大吃了起来。

The children pitched into the meal as though they hadn't eaten any thing for days．孩子们开始大吃起来，好象几天没有吃东西似的。

pitch（up）on

select by chance；single out选出；挑出

Whenever there's an unpleasant job to be done the chief pitches on me．每当有讨厌的工作要干，头头就选中我。

I pitched upon the very house that suited me．我选中了使我最满意的房子。

Why did he pitch on the poor little boy as the one who broke the cup？他为什么偏偏要说是这个可怜的小男孩打破杯子呢？

place in the sun

a good condition 顺境；显要的地位

He's found himself a place in the sun now and doesn't want to start off on any new ventures．他现在已经有了一定地位，不再想冒什么风险了。

plain sailing

easy 不费事；一帆风顺

Life is by no means plain sailing．生活决不是一帆风顺的事。

Revolution is never plain sailing，it's full of twists and turns．革命从来都不是一帆风顺的，而是充满了艰难曲折。

plan on

1．intend打算

We plan on visiting your city next month．我们打算下个月访问你们的城市。

I plan on going to the movies after I finish my homework．我打算做完作业后就去看电影。

2．count on指望；确定；预期

I'm hoping to go away for the weekend，but I'm not planning on it．我想外出度周末，但没定下来。

Don't plan on my going with you，for I expect to be busy this weekend．不要以为我会陪你一块去，因为本周末我会很忙的。

play about／around

1．amuse oneself in a lighthearted way轻松愉快地玩

The children are playing around in the garden．孩子们在园子里玩耍。

2．toy；meddle玩弄；瞎弄

The school told him that if he didn't stop playing about，he would fail in his exams．校方告诉他，要是他还瞎混的话，他考试会失败的。

She is playing around with a man twenty years younger than she is．她跟一个比她年轻20岁的男人鬼混。

play along

1．keep sb． waiting for an answer or a decision使（某人）焦急地等候

You've played him along for some time now， without telling him what you really want．你们没告诉他你们需要什么，使他焦虑地等待了许久。

2．cooperate合作

We felt that the best way to get what we wanted was to play along with them．我们觉得要达到我们的愿望，最好的办法是同他们合作。

He plays along with his boss all the time，but I'm sure he does not really agree with him．他跟他老板一直合作着，但我敢肯定他并不真正与他老板意见一致。

play at

1．play（ball，card，etc．）打（球、牌等）

They are playing at hockey．他们正在打曲棍球。

2．play the game of makebelieve of作假装…的游戏

Let's play at being pirates．让我们来假装海盗。

We watched the kindergarteners playing at camping out this afternoon．今天下午我们看了幼儿园的孩子们做野营游戏。

3．do sth．in a halfhearted way 不认真做

You must settle down and concentrate．You're only playing at doing your homework．你做作业一点也不认真，你要定下神来专心做你的作业。

This is a job that needs to be tackled wholeheartedly—not played at．这件工作需要全神贯注认真对待，不能敷衍了事。

play back

replay放录音

We recorded our English lesson and then played it back．我们把英语课内容录了下来，然后就放录音听。I'm going to play back the first half of Act One．我打算重放第 1幕上半部的录音。

play ball

1．begin play in a ball game开始赛球

When the umpire calls“play ball，”the game begins．裁判一叫“开始比赛，”球赛就开始了。

2．join in an effort； cooperate 合作

They said if we would play ball with them， this could be brought off with great success．他们说如果我们注意与他们合作，这件事情就能出色地完成。

We need the Committee's approval for this scheme． Do you think they'll play ball with us？我们这项计划需要委员会批准。你认为他们会跟我们合作吗？

play by ear

1．play a musical instrument by remembering the tune凭听觉记忆演奏

She plays the piano entirely by ear．她不用乐谱，完全凭听觉记忆演奏钢琴。

2．decide what to do as one goes along酌情而定

We don't know what may crop up，so you'll have to play it by ear．我们不知道会出现什么情况，因此你得见机行事。

play cat and mouse

tease or fool by pretending to let sb．go free and then catching him again欲擒故纵

The policeman decided to play cat and mouse when he saw the woman steal the dress in the store．警察发觉那女人在商店偷衣服时，他欲擒故纵，暂时先不抓她。

play down

make sth． less important贬低；缩小

He gave all the credit to the others and played down his own part in the work．他把功劳都归于别人，而对自己的作用则轻描淡写，一带而过。

The doctors thought it necessary to play down the serious nature of her illness．医生认为把她的严重病情说得轻一些是必要的。

The newspaper reports played down the actor's unattractive past．新闻报道对于该演员不光彩的过去很少提到。

play down to

deliberately talk to or behave towards so that sb．doesn't feel inferior in order to win support or favor故意摆出平易近人的样子

Right before

the election， the Labour candidate played down to the voters in order to win their support．就在大选前夕，工党竞选人装出一副平易近人的姿态，以取得选民的支持。

play fair

do what is right to others；act in a fair and truthful way公平；举止正派

He is a hardnosed man， but you can be sure that he'll play fair with you．他虽是一个顽固的人，但是你放心，他一定会公平对待你的。

It wouldn't be playing fair if you were to break your promise at the last minute．你如果在最后关头失信的话，那就不近情理了。

play false cheat；deceive欺骗

Don't try to play me false； I can see you don't mean what you said．别想骗我，我看得出来你讲的跟你想的不是一回事。

Good faith was not in him；he played anyone false who trusted him．他一点也不老实，专门欺骗那些信任他的人。

play fast and loose

repeatedly change one's attitude反复无常

He played fast and loose with several women's affections．他玩弄了好几位女士的感情。

No one can place any reliance on a person who plays fast and loose．没有人能够信赖反复无常的人。

He should not play fast and loose with the company's good name．他不应该拿公司的好名声当儿戏。

play…for

treat sb．as把…看作

He played the man for a fool．他把那人当作傻瓜。

play jokes／tricks on

make sb．the victim of a trick or joke；make fun of和…开玩笑

Mark Twain liked very much to tell funny stories and he also liked to play jokes on his friends．马克·吐温很喜欢讲有趣的故事，他也喜欢开朋友的玩笑。

Though he knew they were playing tricks on him， he pretended not to notice it．他心里明白他们是在捉弄他，但他佯装不知。

play off

1．put sb．in competition with sb．else，so to benefit from it在…之间挑拨以从中获利

She was always playing her two brothers off against each other．她总是在她两个兄弟之间挑起争端。

The practice of playing off one great power against another is not new．挑拨一个强国对抗另一个强国并不是什么新的手法。

2．play or complete the playing of （an interrupted or delayed match）； break（a tie） by playing once more举行或完成（中断了的比赛）；（平局后）再赛以决胜负

Smith and Peter will play off next week．史密斯和彼得下周举行决赛。

The visitors came back the next Saturday to play off the game stopped by rain．客队下星期六来进行因雨天而停止的比赛。

When each player had won two matches，the championship was decided by playing off the tie．两个选手都各赢两局后，再赛一局以决定冠军。

3．make fun of取笑

Jones always tried to play off poor old Smith who stammered badly．琼斯总想嘲弄可怜的老史密斯，因为他口吃得很厉害。

4．pretend假装

The man is not ill； he is playing off．这人没病，他是在装病。

play（up）on

1．perform on a musical instrument演奏（乐器）

He was playing an old tune on his flute．他正用笛子吹奏一首老曲子。

2．cause an effect on；influence影响

The TV film played on his feelings．这部电视剧震撼了他的感情。

The cries of the baby at night played on my nerves．夜间婴儿的哭声闹得我烦躁不安。

3．utilize利用

He played on her good nature to borrow some money from her．他利用她的善良向她借了些钱。

The speaker knew how to play on the audience's feelings．这位演说者懂得怎样利用听众的情绪。

play out

1．perform to the end把…进行到底

In spite of the heavy rain they managed to play out the football match．尽管雨下得很大，他们还是坚持把球踢完。

The actors played out the comedy and the audience applauded．演员们演完喜剧后，观众拍手喝采。

2．exhaust疲倦

I'm always played out by the time I finish work on Fridays．每到星期五这时候，所有的事情都做完了，我总会感到精疲力竭。

The work was strenuous for John，and each day he would arrive home all played out．对于约翰来说，这工作实在太吃力了，他每天回到家里，总是精疲力尽。

3．become ineffective已不适用Such methods soon played out．这些方法很快就不适用了。

play politics

play tricks for one's own gain玩弄权术；操纵

The attorney for the union accused the Mayor of playing politics in the strike．工会律师谴责市长在这次罢工中玩弄权术。

In order to get elected，he had to play politics with both the unions and the bosses．为了要当选，他得同时与工会和老板们达成协议。

play possum

1．pretenb to be asleep装睡；装傻

The boy seemed to be fast asleep，but I knew he was playing possum．这孩子看上去象是睡熟了，但我知道他是装的。

Don't let his silence fool you；he's just playing possum．别被他的沉默骗了，他只不过是装傻。

2．stay quiet for selfprotection；try to escape attention by inactivity 不动声色；不引起注意

The rabbit played possum under the bushes， hoping the hunter would not see him．兔子静待在灌木丛中，希望猎人看不见它。

play safe

be very careful求稳；不冒险

Tom didn't know what the other driver would do，so he played safe and stopped his own car．汤姆不知道另一个司机要干什么，为安全起见他就停下车子。

I don't think it will rain today，but I'd better play safe and take a raincoat．我看今天不会下雨，不过为稳妥起见，我还是带件雨衣好。

play second fiddle

act a smaller part居次要职位；当副手

I'm tired of playing second fiddle to George—why can't I run the business？老是给乔治当副手我烦死了，为什么我就不能管事呢？

He was only too glad to play second fiddle to Professor Smith at the symposium．他非常乐意在讨论会上当史密斯教授的助手。

play the devil with

cause confusion in；upset扰乱；破坏

The high winds played the devil with my new hairstyle．大风吹乱了我的新发型。

Mother's illness played the devil with our party．由于母亲生病，我们取消了聚会。

play the game

obey the rules； do right符合规则；做事公道

Tom told the teacher what had happened，but all his friends thought he had been unfair and that he hadn't played the game properly．汤姆把所发生的一切告诉了老师，但他的朋友都认为他不公正，太不光明磊落了。

I hold her in high esteem，since she is an honest person and has always played the game．我非常尊敬她，因为她是个诚实的人，一向办事公道。

play the market

try to make money on the stock market by buying and selling stocks玩股票

Sometimes Mr．White makes a lot of money when he plays the market，and sometimes he loses．怀特先生玩股票有时赚大钱，有时则赔本。

play to the gallery

try to get the approval of the audience讨好（低级趣味的）观众；迎合大众的口味

In the past few years，television has been playing to the gallery．过去几年里，电视一直在迎合大众的口味。

The speaker played to the gallery by indulging in vulgar jokes．为了哗众取宠，那位演讲者大讲粗俗的笑话。

play up

1．emphasize强调

The coach played up the possibilities of success．教练竭力强调成功的可能性。

In the article he plays himself up and plays the others down．在文章中他抬高自己，贬低别人。

2．play well； do one's best赛好；加油

I expect them to play up this afternoon．我希望他们今天下午赛出水平来。

3．behave mischievously；cause trouble调皮；折磨；制造麻烦

The new teacher didn't know what to do when the class started playing up．班级开始乱哄哄时，新来的老师不知该怎么办。

The old wound has been playing up again lately．近来旧伤又在折磨人。

Those children do play their parents up．那些孩子确实给父母惹麻烦。

The engine began playing up．引擎开始出毛病了。

4．（a band） begin to play（乐队）开始演奏

The band played up the national anthem．乐队奏起了国歌。

play up to

flatter讨好

He is always playing up to the pretty girl students．他总是向那些长得漂亮的女学生献殷勤。

He always plays up to his political boss．他总是对他的政界上司献媚。

He is the sort of man who dislikes being played up to．他是那种不愿被奉承的人。

play with

1．have fun with和…玩

The boy is playing with his new toys．这小男孩在玩他的新玩具。

2．trifle with轻率对待；玩弄

She's not a woman to tolerate being played with．她不是一个容忍别人玩弄的女人。

He's been playing with the idea ofleaving his job and buying a farm，but he'll never do it．他一直在考虑离开现在的工作，去买一个农场，但他永远也不会这样做。

play with fire

take risks；put oneself in danger 冒险；引火烧身

He loved driving fast，even though he knew he was playing with fire．即使他知道开快车是很危险的，但他还是喜欢这么干。

He who plays with fire gets burned．玩火者必自焚。

plead guilty

declare in official language that one is guilty服罪

In the face of so much evidence，the thief was forced to plead guilty．在大量证据面前，那小偷只得低头认罪。

plead with

make an appeal to向…恳求

He pleaded with them to give him more time to pay．他恳求他们给他更多的时间来付钱。

With that kind of man you will plead in vain．你向那种人恳求是无济于事的。

pleased with

happy about因…而满意或快慰

Are you pleased with your new clothes？你喜欢你的新衣服吗？

plod away at

work slowly and steadily at缓慢而辛勤地干

He plods away at his studies every night，but he doesn't enjoy the work．他每天晚上都认真看书，但他一点也不喜欢这样做。

He plods away at his lessons until he learns them．他刻苦钻研功课，直到弄通为止。

plough into

1．begin work vigorously into干劲十足地投入

On his return to the office， he ploughed into his work．一回到办公室，他就干劲十足地开始工作。

2．crash into with force撞上

The car ploughed into a wall and was completely damaged．汽车猛撞在一堵墙上，给撞得一塌糊涂。

plough through

1．pass through with difficulty费力地在…前进

Many boats ploughed briskly through the sea．许多条船在海上破浪前进。

2．read or study with difficulty艰难地阅读或研究

We've ploughed through all the documents that can possibly have a bearing on your case．我们费了不少力气，才把同你的案子可能有关的全部文件看完。

pluck up one's courage

have courage鼓起勇气

The small boy plucked up his courage and went upstairs in the dark．那个小男孩鼓起勇气摸黑上了楼。

He plucked up his courage to ask her to marry him．他鼓足勇气向她求婚。

In times of difficulty we must not lose sight of our achievements，must see the bright future and must pluck up our courage．我们在困难的时候，要看到成绩，看到光明，要提高我们的勇气。

plug away

work persistently坚持工作

He's been plugging away at his new novel for nearly a year．一年来他一直在坚持写一部新小说。

Despite the difficulty of the task and the slowness of progress， they continued to plug away at it manfully．尽管任务艰巨，进展迟缓，他们仍顽强地继续干下去。

plume oneself on

be proud of oneself about；boast of 自夸；因…沾沾自喜

She plumes herself on the fact that she was educated in Europe rather than in the United States．她以不在美国而在欧洲受教育为荣。

He plumed himself on belonging to the aristocracy．他以自己是个贵族而洋洋自得。

plump／plunk／plonk down

1．drop down；fall落下；倒下

As soon as he reached the armchair，he plumped down into it．他手刚摸到扶手椅就蓦地倒入椅中。

After walking a mile we plunked down on a bench to rest．我们走了一英里路以后，一屁股坐在长凳上休息。

2．drop sth． noisily or firmly砰地放下

She plumped down the heavy trunk and sat on a stone bench for a rest．她吃力地把那只沉重的箱子放下，然后坐在一张石凳上休息。

plump for

1．offer strong support for支持；拥护

He plumped for the Liberal candidate．他投自由党候选人的票。

Everyone plumped for his suggestion．大家都赞成他的建议。

2．choose选中；选定

We couldn't decide which car to buy，but we finally plumped for the red one．我们定不下来买哪辆车，但最后还是选中了那辆红的。

He always plumps for the best that's going．他总是挑选现有最好的东西。

plump up

1．fatten养肥；变丰满

We have really plumped up these chickens．我们确实把这些鸡养肥了。

The child's cheeks are beginning to plump up．孩子的面颊丰满起来了。

2．fluff out； make appear fat拍松软

Every evening she plumps up the cushions before she goes to bed．每天晚上睡觉前她都要把垫子拍松。

plunge into

1．begin work or an activity eagerly or abruptly投入（行动）

She plunged into her new assignment the moment she got it．她一接到新工作就立即投入了进去。

When the subject was brought up，everybody plunged into the discussion．问题一提出，大家都投入了讨论。

2．throw oneself into some state 陷入

She switched off the light and plunged the room into darkness．她把灯关了，房间一下子就黑暗了。

He was plunged into despair by the terrible news．听到可怕的消息后他陷入了绝望中。

They plunged deeper into debt．他们负债更多了。

point at

1． hold out a finger towards sb． or sth．用手指

She was pointing at me．她用手指着我。

2．aim用（枪）瞄准

She pointed a gun at his head．她用枪瞄准他的头。

3．indicate（意思）指

What's he pointing at？他指的是什么意思？

point of view

a way of considering or judging a thing，person，event，etc．观点

From my point of view it would be better if you could come tomorrow，but you may not want to．从我的观点看，你明天最好来，但你可能并不想来。

You've given me quite a new point of view．你给我提供了一个新的看法。

point out

1．explain解释

He pointed out that it was not his fault．他解释说这不是他的过错。

I pointed out the advantages of the plan．我说明了这计划的优点。

2．call to attention唤起注意

The policeman pointed out that the law forbids public sale of firecrackers．警察指出法律禁止公开销售鞭炮。

It was pointed out to him that his application had arrived too late．有人向他指出，他的申请交来太晚了。

When the mistake was pointed out to him he hastened to correct it．人们向他指出错误时，他赶紧纠正。

point to

1．direct to指向

The needle of a compass points to the north．罗盘的指针指向北方。

Not far from there，you'll see a signpost pointing to the town you want to go to．离那儿不远，你就可以看到一个路标，指明你所要去的那个镇的方向。

2． direct attention to指明；表明

Everything points to his guilt．一切表明他有罪。

Everything points to a bright future for us all．种种迹象表明我们都有光明的前途。

point up

show clearly清楚地表明

Johnny's report card points up his talent for math．约翰尼的成绩单显示他在数学方面很有才华。

His rudeness just points up her good manners．他的鲁莽更显出她的彬彬有礼。

poke about／around

1．search about寻找

Those people are poking about for the lost child．那些人正在寻找丢失的孩子。

What are you doing poking about my private papers？你在我私人文件里乱翻些什么？

2．move slowly or aimlessly；do little things闲逛；做些小事

We've poked about for an hour in the secondhand bookstore looking at all kinds of English books．我们在旧书店里转了一个小时，翻看各种英语书籍。

poles apart／asunder

completely different相差甚远

They were in agreement on most world issues，but they were poles apart about the war．他们对于多数世界大事意见是一致的，但对于战争的看法却截然相反。

Their opinions are poles asunder．他们的意见截然相反。

The two brothers are poles apart in character．这兄弟二人性格迥异。

polish off

1．finish quickly很快用完

They were so hungry that it took them only a few minutes to polish off the pie and chips．他们太饿了，只用了几分钟就吃完了馅饼和炸土豆片。

He polished off his work before leaving．他在离开前，匆匆干完了自己的活。

The fighter polished off his opponent in the first round．那拳击手在第1回合就把对手打倒了。

2．complete the decorating work of 装饰竣工

It is a delight for him to polish off every room．将每间屋子都装修一新对他来说是件乐事。

polish the apple

try to win favor by flattery逢迎；拍马

Henry has been polishing the apple too much．I think the boss knows that his enthusiasm for the project is not sincere．亨利的拍马奉承太过火了，我认为老板知道他对这方案的热心并不是真诚的。

polish up

1．become bright and clean with polishing擦亮

He polished up the silverware till it shone．他把银器擦得铮亮。

2．improve改善；润色

I'll have to polish up my French before the holidays．度假前我得温习一下法语。

I think this article needs polishing up before we print it．我认为这篇文章还需润色一下才能复印。

pooped out

worn out；exhausted精疲力尽

Everyone was pooped out a fter the hike．徒步旅行以后大家都精疲力尽了。

pop along／in／over

pay a visit casually 顺便经过；顺道来访

I'll pop along to the post office and mail the package for you．我顺便去邮局帮你把包裹寄走。

I may pop in to see you next month．我也许下个月来看你。

pop off

1．go away hurriedly赶紧离开

I must pop off now．我得走了。

Where has he popped off to？他匆忙去哪里了？

2．die死

I'm not going to pop off just now，so you needn't worry．我还不会死，你不用着急。

He popped off at the age of twenty．他在20岁时突然死去。

3．fire放（枪、炮等）

The children were running about popping off their toy guns．孩子们奔跑着，劈哩啪啦地放玩具枪。

pop out

1．go out hurriedly匆匆出去

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting；I just popped out for a few moments．抱歉，劳你久等了。我刚才匆匆出去了一会儿。

2．come out with a sharp explosive sound砰地一声出来

The cork popped out and the champagne gushed from the bottle．软木塞扑地一声跳出来，香槟酒从瓶里涌了出来。

3．protrude from the sockets突出

His eyes popped out in surprise．他惊讶得眼睛瞪得大大的。

pop the question

ask sb．to marry one求婚

After the dance， he popped the question．舞会后，他向她求婚。

pop up

rise or appear suddenly or unexpectedly；show up突然出现

I haven't seen him for weeks， but I'm sure he'll pop up one of these days．我好几个星期没见他了，不过我肯定他这几天会来的。

He pops up all over the place， so you never know where to look for him．他什么地方都去，所以你不知道去哪里找他。

pore over

study carefully仔细研究

I have been poring over my new scheme．我一直在仔细推敲我的新方案。

He pored over the book the whole morning and made careful notes．整个上午他都在钻研那本书，并仔细地做笔记。

possessed of

in possession of拥有

He is possessed of great natural ability．他天赋很高。

He was possessed of a big vocabulary．他的词汇量很大。

potter about／around

move about from one little job to another鬼混；闲逛

I'm a fraid you've spent too much time pottering about in the garden．你在花园里东摸西逛，恐怕花的时间太多了吧。

pounce at

seize抓住

She pounced at the first opportunity to ask questions．她一有机会就问问题。

pounce（up）on

1．make a sudden attack on突然袭击

The wolf pounced savagely on the lamb．狼凶残地扑向小羊。

Field was walking in the street when he was pounced on by some ruffians．菲尔德在街上行走时，突然遭到几个歹徒的袭击。

2．grasp（a chance） eagerly紧紧抓住（机会）

The children pounced on the chance of visiting the television studios．孩子们抓住了去电视演播室参观的机会。

This is the kind of careless mistake on which her teacher loves to pounce．她的老师喜欢抓这一类粗枝大叶造成的错误。

pound away at

1．work hard continuously at连续努力地干

If you pound away at the job，you'll have finished it before dark．如果你拼命干，不到天黑你就能干完。

He's been pounding away at the job for the last two days．这两天来他一刻不停地在干这件事。

2．persistently attack连续猛击

The two fleets pounded away at each other until night fall．两支舰队互相轰击直到天黑。

In his speech he kept pounding away at his opponent's inefficiency．他在演说中不断攻击他的对手不称职。

pour down

（rain）fall hard and steadily（雨）倾盆而下；往下流

The rain poured down all day．大雨整整下了一天。

Creeks pour down from the uplands．小河从高地流下。

pour oil on the flames

make the quarrel severe火上加油

You pretended that you were helping them out of difficulty，but actually you were pouring oil on the flames and making matters worse．你假装帮助他们克服困难，而实际上你是在火上加油。

pour oil on the waters

quiet a quarrel平息风波；调解争端

The groups were nearing a bitter quarrel until the leader poured oil on the waters．要不是领导人出面调解，双方很快就会大吵起来。

pour in

cause to flow in； flow in continuously大量涌入；源源而来

Messages of congratulations poured in on her birthday．她生日那天，贺信源源不断。

The commander poured men in to reinforce the slaughtered battalions．指挥官投入大量士兵增援被打败的部队。

pour out

1．tell everything about；talk all about倾吐

Mary poured out her troubles to her friends．玛丽向朋友们诉说自己的苦恼。

He poured his heart out to us．他向我们推心置腹。

2．stream out倾泻；涌出

The people poured out of the building when they heard the fire alarm．听见火警后，人们从大楼里蜂涌而出。

The water poured out．水涌了出来。

practise on

impose upon欺骗；利用

He found that he had been practised on．他发现自己受骗了。

John practised on her weakness．约翰利用了她的弱点。

praise up

praise fully盛赞

They have been praising you up to everyone they meet．他们见到谁都赞扬你。

prefer…to

like…better than较喜欢；宁愿

I prefer tea to coffee．我喜欢喝茶，不喜欢喝咖啡。

prepare for

get ready for准备

The family is preparing for Christmas．全家人正在为圣诞节作准备。

I'm going to prepare lessons for tomorrow．我要准备明天的功课。

press for

urge；keep requesting催促（回答）

The newspaper reporters have been pressing the government for details．新闻记者一直在敦促政府提供细节。

press on

1． make one's way with violence or effort挤进

They pressed on in spite of the strong wind． 他们不顾风大仍急速向前。

2．cause worry 使烦恼

I can see that the new responsibility is pressing on the young father．我看得出这个新的责任让这位年轻的爸爸感到为难。

3．force acceptance强迫接受

I do hope she wouldn't press more food on us．我确实希望她不要逼我们再吃了。

pretend to

profess to have自称

Certainly I can pretend to no special knowledge of electronics．我当然不能说已经掌握了电子学的专门知识。

He pretended to abilities which he didn't actually possess．他自称有这样那样的才能，但实际上并不是那么回事。

prevail upon

persuade说服

After dinner he prevailed upon me to take a walk in the park．晚饭后，他劝我去公园散散步。

We finally prevailed upon her to enter the association．我们终于说服了她加入协会。

He prevailed upon me to believe in his innocence．他劝我相信他是无辜的。

prevent from

stop妨碍

Nothing can prevent us from reaching our aim．什么也挡不住我们实现自己的目标。

previous to

before在…之前

They made full investigations previous to reaching a conclusion．他们在下结论之前做了充分的调查研究。

prey on

1．hunt and kill（animal）for food 捕食

Cats prey on mice．猫捉老鼠。

What does the owl prey on？猫头鹰捉什么东西吃？

2．rob； take advantage of劫掠

The robbers living in the mountains preyed on any traveller who wandered into their land．住在山里的那帮强盗对进入他们地区的任何游人都要抢劫。

It was hard to believe that these little boats were being preyed on by pirates．很难相信海盗对这些小船都要抢劫。

3．trouble or worry sb．使痛苦；折磨

His fears and worries preyed so much on his mind that eventually he committed suicide．恐惧和焦虑经常折磨着他，最后他自杀了。

Ill health has preyed on him for years．疾病折磨了他许多年。

prick up one's ears

come to attention；begin to listen closely侧耳倾听；警觉起来

The woman pricked up her ears when she heard them talking about her．当听到他们在谈她时，这妇女竖起耳朵倾听。

The sentry pricked up his ears at the strange sound．耳边传来奇怪的声响，哨兵顿时警觉起来。

pride oneself on

be proud of oneself about以…为自豪

Mary prides herself on her ability to remain calm when trouble suddenly happens．玛丽为自己在遇到麻烦时仍能保持冷静的能力而感到自豪。

He prided himself on his skill in negotiation．他对自己的谈判本领很是得意。

prior to

earlier in time，order or importance较早的；较前的；较重要的The plan cannot be carried out prior to its approval．计划需先批准方能实施。

He called on me prior to his departure．他临行前来看了我。

proceed from

be the result of来自于…；出自

His mistakes proceeded from carelessness，not ignorance．他的错误不是由于无知，而是由于粗心而造成的。

Light and heat proceed from the sun．光和热来自太阳。

proceed with

go on继续

Please proceed with your work．请继续你的工作。

profit by／from

benefit from获益

I hope to profit by your advice．我希望得益于您的劝告。

promise away

give away by promising许给

He has promised most of his books away to his friends．他已答应把大部分书籍送给他的朋友们。

promise the moon

promise sth．impossible承诺不可能的事

I can't promise you the moon，but I'll do the best job I can．我不能乱下承诺，不过我会尽力而为。

Nobody paid any attention to him because he always went around promising everyone the moon．他总是到处开空头支票，所以没人理睬他。

pronounce on

give a considered opinion on 对…发表意见

She's too ready to pronounce on matters of which she really knows very little．她太喜欢对自己实际上几乎一无所知的问题发表意见。

He has every right to pronounce on this matter．他完全有权对这件事发表意见。

prop up

support支持

The opposition parties decided not to prop up the government any longer．反对党决定不再支持政府。

He can't always expect his colleagues to prop him up．他总不能老指望同事们支持他。

proper to

belonging especially to 专为…的

The book is proper to the subject．该书专门论述这一课题。

proportional to

in proper proportion to与…成比例的

The payment is proportional to the work done．报酬与完成的工作成比例。

protect from／against

defend（sb．or sth．）from使（某人或某物）不受侵犯

May God protect you from harm tonight．愿上帝保佑你今夜平安。

protest against

express objection to抗议

We protest against the big country's intervention in the internal affairs of other countries．我们抗议那个大国干涉别国内政。

I protest against being treated in this way．我抗议受到这样的待遇。

proud of

satisfied with and pleased in 对…感到自豪（骄傲）

Tom is proud of his new car．汤姆为他的新车而自豪。

provide against

take steps to guard against 预防

We must provide against a rainy day．我们必须未雨绸缪。

provide for

1．make preparations for为…做准备

How can everyone provide for unexpected events？对于意外之事，怎么可能每个人都有所准备呢？

2．supply with the necessary things of life供养

He has five children and a wife to provide for．他要供养妻子和5个孩子。

provide with

supply sb．with sth．提供（某物）给（某人）

The villagers provided the guerrillas with food．村民们向游击队提供食品。

provided that

on condition that倘若；只要

I will go provided that you go too．如果你也去，我就去。

pucker up

come or draw together into small folds or wrinkles皱起；缩拢

The child's face puckered up and she began to cry．小女孩脸一皱，哭了起来。

His eyes were puckered up against the strong sunlight．在强烈的阳光照射下，他眯起了眼睛。

The young father puckered up his lips and gave the baby a fond kiss．年轻的爸爸噘起嘴唇，亲热地吻了一下婴儿。

puff out

1．cause to swell使胀起

The toothache puffed out one side of his face．牙疼使得他的半边脸肿了起来。

The boy confidently puffed out his chest．男孩信心十足地挺起胸膛。

She puffed out the story quite a lot．她把这件事大肆渲染。

2．blow out吹灭

A sudden gust of wind from the open window puffed the candle out．从窗口突然吹进来一阵风，把蜡烛吹灭了。

She puffed out the candle as soon as the child went to sleep．孩子一睡着，她就吹熄了蜡烛。

3．cause to become short of breath 使气喘

Climbing up the long staircase to his office quite puffed me out．爬这么高的楼梯到他办公室，简直使我喘不过气来。

We ran so hard that we were all puffed out when we got there．我们拼命跑，跑到那儿一个个气喘吁吁的。

puffed up

full of pride自满

She wouldn't have become so puffed up if you hadn't given her too much praise．如果当初你没有过多地赞扬她，她决不会象现在这样骄傲。

pull about／around

1．pull in different directions拖来拖去

He pulled the flowers about until he ruined them all．他把那些花拖过来拽过去，结果全搞坏了。

2．handle roughly猛力推搡；虐待

They pulled him about rather violently．他们相当凶狠地推搡着他。

He got angry when people started pulling him about．人们开始粗暴待他时，他恼火了。

pull ahead

overtake sb．or sth．超前

The winner of the men's 400 metres pulled ahead in the last 50 metres．男子400米的获胜者在最后50米冲到了最前面。

That driver's trying to overtake．Slow down a bit and let him pull ahead．那个司机想超车，开慢一点让他超过去吧。

pull apart

1．separate by pulling把…撕开；拆开；扯断

The table is so made that you can easily pull it apart．这张桌子是可以随意拆开的。

As the curtains were pulled apart，we saw the actors on the stage．帷幕拉开时，我们看到了台上的演员。

2．criticize sb．or find serious faults in an idea， plan， piece of work，etc．把…批评得一无是处

He pulled my argument apart and made me feel very stupid．他把我的论点说得一无是处，使我感到像是个傻瓜。

The professor proceeded to pull apart the student's paper．教授进而指出那个学生作业中的许多错误。

pull at／on

1．drag forcibly at用力拉

Mary pulled at his sleeve and led him boldly upstairs．玛丽拉了拉他的袖子，大胆地领他上楼。

The dog pulled at the rope as though he knew alife depended on his exertions．这条狗用力拉绳，好象知道它用力与否关系到一条性命似的。

2．take a drink from； draw from by sucking深吸（烟）；大口喝（酒）

The old man sat in the corner，pulling at his pipe．老人坐在角落里，抽着烟斗。

pull down

1． cause to be down from its place by pulling把…拉下

His hat was pulled well down over his eyes so that nobody would guess his true identity．他把帽沿拉得很下，几乎遮住了眼睛，使人猜不清他是谁。

2．destroy；demolish（a building）破坏；拆毁（建筑物）

It is easy to pull down the old world than to build the new．破坏旧世界容易，但要建设新世界就难了。

They pulled down the old shop and built a supermarket．他们拆掉了旧商店，建起了一个超级市场。

3．earn挣得

He pulls down quite a lot of money in his new job．新工作使他挣了许多钱。

Tom always pulled down the highest grades in school．汤姆在学校总得最高分。

4．weaken（sb．） in health使身体虚弱

A really bad cold pulls you down and leaves you feeling very miserable．重感冒会使你身体虚弱，让你感到很难受。

That long spell in hospital pulled him down a lot．那次长时间生病住院使他的体质大大变差了。

5．humiliate羞辱；批评；降低地位

They intend to pull him down a bit．他们想挫挫他的锐气。

One is not sorry to see the proud pulled down．看到自高自大的人被拉下来，谁都不会惋惜。

pull in（to）

1．arrive到达

The lorry driver pulled into the side of the road to get a cup of tea．卡车司机把车子停靠在路边去喝杯茶。

The train from Edinburgh pulled in five minutes late．从爱丁堡开出的列车晚点5分钟进站。

2．seize（a possible criminal）抓获（嫌疑犯）

The police pulled those youths in for questioning after the robbery．抢劫案发生后，警察把这些年轻人拘留起来审问。

3．attract吸引

The Beatles always pulled in enormous crowds．甲壳虫乐队总是吸引成千上万的人。

They need to have a high rate of interest in order to pull in money from investors．他们需要高利率来诱使投资者投入资金。

4．reduce one's expenses；restrain 紧缩开支；限制

You must pull in now，or you'll be asking for trouble．你应当节约，不然你会自找麻烦。

5．earn挣得

He pulls in quite a lot as a milkman．他当牛奶工挣了不少钱。

They're pulling in a lot of overtime on that job．他们做那工作得了很多加班费。

pull in one's horns

1．reduce one's boast；calm down from a quarrel收敛言语；停上吵架

He pulled in his horns when he realized that his boasting was not impressing me．当他意识到他的自吹对我不起作用时，就缩回去了。

2．reduce spending or activity缩减开支或活动

After the business failed，father had to pull in his horns．经营失败后，父亲只得缩减开支。

pull into pieces

criticize very badly；find serious fault with驳得体无完肤；说得一无是处

Politicians always try to pull their opponents'ideas to pieces．政治家们总是把他们对手的观点驳得体无完肤。

The famous scientist pulled the new theory to pieces because it was very unscientific．这位著名的科学家把这条新理论说得一无是处，因为它很不科学。

pull off

complete or perform（sth．） successfully使（某事）成功

He has pulled off some remarkable shots in the match．在比赛中，他几次因精彩的投篮而得分。

How did you manage to pull off the deal without offering them more money？没有出更多的钱，你是怎样把这笔生意做成的？

pull oneself together

get control of oneself；get into a mood of preparedness振作起来；做好…的思想准备

Stop crying and pull yourself together！ You're not a baby any more．别哭了，冷静点！你不再是个小毛孩了。

Pulling himself together，he dismissed the matter from his mind．他振作起来，不再想这件事。

pull out

1．take（sth．） out拿出；拔出

Putting his hand in his pocket， he pulled out a handkerchief．他把手伸进口袋掏出一块手帕。

He pulled out the pistol and aimed at the enemy officer．他拔出手枪，对准敌军官。

I'll have to have this tooth pulled out．我的这颗牙要拔掉。

2．move away离开

We reached the station too late，just as the train was pulling out．我们到达车站太迟了，当时火车正出站。

The train for Beijing will pull out in 10 minutes．去北京的火车还有10分钟就要开了。

3．leave；cause to leave离开；退出

Jim saw that the firm was going to be ruined，so he pulled out．吉姆眼看公司即将垮台，于是就退了出来。

The government pulled the army out of the troublespot．政府把部队撤出有争端的地区。

4．recover from illness恢复健康

John did not feel very well， but soon he pulled out．约翰感到身体不太舒服，但不久就康复了。

pull over

drive towards the roadside开向一边

Everyone pulled over to let the ambulance pass．大家都把车子开到路边，让救护车开过去。

pull through

1．help（sb．） to pass safely through a difficulty帮助…度过难关

Their courageous spirit pulled them through the darkest days of the war．他们的勇敢精神使他们度过了战争中最黑暗的日子。

Good nursing will pull him through．好好护理可以使他恢复过来。

The company was in great difficulties this year until a gift of money from the government pulled it through．今年那家公司一直困难重重，直到政府资助后才度过难关。

2．recover from an illness恢复健康

He was very ill but he eventaully pulled through．他病得很重，但最后还是康复了。

The competent doctor pulled the patient through his serious illness by giving him the best possible attention．那位能干的医生给病人以无微不至的关怀，使其从重病中康复了。

pull together

1．cooperate合作

People often pull together in a crisis．人们在危机中往往是团结一致的。

We must pull together， or we will fail．我们必须齐心协力，否则就会失败。

We must all pull together if we are to win this election．如果我们想在这次选举中获胜，就必须通力合作。

It's hoped that the new coach may be able to pull the football team together．希望新教练能使这个足球队重振雄风。

2．make oneself regain one's courage振作起来

It took some time for him to recover from the shock and pull himself together．过了一些时候，他才从震惊中恢复过来，重新镇静下来。

After breaking down and weeping，she tried hard to pull herself together．失声痛哭一阵之后，她竭力振作起来。

pull up

1．raise（sth．） by pulling拔出

You'll find my mother in the garden as usual， pulling up weeds．你会象平时一样在花园里找到我的母亲，她在拔草。

2．（cause to） come to a stop（使）停止

A lorry pulled up as I was walking along the footpath， and the driver asked me the way to the soft drinks factory．我沿着小路散步时，一辆卡车停了下来，司机问我去软饮料厂的路。

The policeman pulled up the motorist and asked to see his licence．警察让那个驾驶员停车，要看他的执照。

The car pulled up when the light turned red．红灯亮时，那辆轿车停了下来。

I wanted to keep on speaking but the chairman pulled me up short．我想继续讲下去，但会议主席把我打断了。

3．improve提高

His mark in English pulled him up several places．他的英语成绩使他的名次提前了好几名。

pure and simple

simply stated；basic简而言之；根本的

That's the truth pure and simple．这是不折不扣的真理。

The problem， pure and simple，is finding a babysitter．根本的问题是要找个临时照看婴儿的人。

push about／around

bully；order about驱使；摆布

I'm not going to be pushed about by anybody．我不准备受任何人的摆布。

Paul is always pushing the smaller children around．保尔总欺侮比他年纪小的孩子。

push ahead／forward／on

1．go on resolutely坚决前进

It's getting on for noon；we must push ahead to our destination as quickly as possible．快中午了，我们必须尽快到达目的地。

If you want to push on with the decorating， we can leave dinner until later．你要是想继续装饰的话，晚饭我们可以晚点吃。

2．ambitiously draw attention to （oneself）故意引人注目

He doesn't like pushing himself forward on public occasions．他不喜欢在公开场合抛头露面。

push along

1．impel along；continue one's way 继续前进

He pushed the work along．他抓紧进行工作。

We were tired but managed to push along to the next village．虽然我们很疲劳，但还是竭力赶到了下一个村子。

2．leave；go离开；去

It's time for us to push along now．我们该走了。

push for

strive for争取；强烈要求

The miners are pushing for more money and less work．矿工们强烈要求增加工资，减少工作。

People living near the airport are pushing for new rules about night flights．机场附近的居民正在强烈要求制订新的夜航规则。

push off

1．set sail in a small boat乘船出发

We pushed off frow the shore and were soon out to sea．我们乘船驶离岸边，不久就到了海上。

2．leave or go away离开

I must be pushing off now！ It's getting late．现在我得走了！天已很晚了。

Push off！ Can't you see I'm busy？走开！你难道看不见我很忙吗？

push through

1． make a passage through挤过去

He tried in vain to push through the crowd．他怎么也无法从人群中挤过去。

2．gain acceptance of a bill， proposal使…被通过

In spite of a lot of resistance，we managed to push the proposal through．虽然有许多阻力，我们还是设法使这个议案通过了。

We're trying to push the legislation through before the Christmas recess．我们力争在圣诞节休会前通过这法令。

3．cause sb． to pass or succeed in doing sth．设法完成

By giving him extra lessons，we managed to push him through his exams．通过给他额外加课，我们终于使他通过了考试。

push up

cause sth．to rise or increase 上升；提高

Wage increases keep pushing up the cost of living．工资的增加使生活消费不断上涨。

The hot bath has pushed her temperature up．热水澡使她身上暖和多了。

I can't reach the branch．Will you push me up？我够不到那树枝。你把我托上去好吗？

put an end to

1．make sth．end；cause to end使…停止

It's up to the police to put an end to these robberies．杜绝这类抢劫案是警察的事。

2．destroy or kill毁掉或杀死

The new highway took most of the traffic from the old road and put an end to Mr．Hanson's motel business．旧路上的大部分车辆都转移到新公路上，汉森先生的汽车旅馆生意也因此而终止。

put about

1．spread a rumor，piece of news，story，etc．传播；散布

They've put it about that the Government's going to resign．他们谣传说政府将集体辞职。

Someone has been putting rumors about that we are leaving．有人散布谣言说我们要走了。

2．trouble；distress麻烦

Please don't put yourself about because of me．请别为我麻烦了。

He was very much put about by the news of the illness of his fellow worker．听到同事生病的消息他很难过。

3．cause to change direction改变方向

The captain put the ship about and headed for safety．船长将船转航，驶向安全水域。

put across

1．fulfil sth． successfully做成

The director put the business deal across in record time．厂长在极短的时间内就把生意做成了。

2．make understood使…被理解

He was too full of emotion to put across his ideas properly．他太激动了，没有把他的意思表达清楚。

He was having difficulty putting his case across．他当时很难讲清自己的情况。

put aside

1．place sth．on one side放在一边

She put her sewing aside when the telephone rang．电话响时她把缝纫活放在一边。

2．save or reserve节省或存储

He tries to put aside a little money every month．每月他都努力省些钱下来。

3．ignore不予理会

During the war everyone put their political differences aside and worked together．战争期间大家都放弃政治分歧通力合作。

put away

1．put sth．in a proper place收拾（东西）

Please put those tools away after you finish the work．干完活后请把那些工具收起来。

2．save（money）存（钱）

I have put some money away in the bank．我已在银行里存了点钱。

How much have you put away for your holiday？你为度假存了多少钱？

3．stop thinking about停止考虑

Put away those foolish ideas．放弃那些可笑的想法吧。

She put away the idea of going home on holiday．她放弃了回家度假的念头。

4．place in prison监禁

The judge put the criminal away for ten years．法官判这名罪犯服10年刑。

5．eat or drink吃或喝

He put away nearly half a bottle of whisky last night．昨晚他喝了近半瓶威士忌酒。

How can they put away so much rice？这么多的饭，他们怎么能吃光？

6．kill；kill to prevent suffering处死；杀掉

The dog was so old and ill that it had to be put away．那条狗年老多病，只好处死。

Douglas put away Collins in cold blood．道格拉斯蓄意杀死了柯林斯。

put back

1．reset the hands of a clock or watch to an earlier time拨回

My watch was ten minutes too fast，and I put it back．我的表快了10分钟，我把它拨回去了。

2．put off推迟；延误

The meeting has been put back until next week．会议已推迟到了下个星期。

We had iniended to get married in April but we had to put the wedding back to September．我们原打算4月份结婚，但后来只好推迟到9月份。

The strike has put back production considerably．罢工已经大大地耽误了生产。

put by

1．lay aside储备

We should put by something for a rainy day．我们应该未雨绸缪。

We have put by some medicine for emergencies．我们储存了一些药品，以备急用。

2．leave out of consideration；evade sth．把…搁在一边；回避

We may shelve the difficulties for a while，but they cannot be put by inde finitely．我们可以暂时不考虑这些困难，但要永远回避是不可能的。

He put the idea by until he was at leisure to consider it carefully．他把这个想法搁在一边，直到有空时再去仔细考虑。

put down

1．stop by force；crush武力镇压

In 24 hours the general had entirely put down the rebellion．在24小时内，这位将军就把叛乱完全镇压下去了。

2．write a record of记录

Make sure that you put down every word she says．务必记下她所说的每一个字。

3．name sth．as a cause归因于

I would put his bad manners down to tiredness．我认为他的无礼是因为他太疲劳了。

I don't think you can put all his success down to pure luck．我认为你不能把他所取得的全部成就归结为侥幸。

4．charge sth．to a particular account把（开支）记在…帐上

She put the dress down to her mother's account．她把买衣服的钱记在母亲帐上。

5．stop and let a passenger get out of a vehicle让乘客下车

Where would you like me to put you down？你要我在哪儿让你下车？

The bus stopped at the station to put down one or two passengers．公共汽车到站停下，让一两位乘客下车。

6．land or cause sth．to land使…降落

The pilot put the plane down safely，despite the storm．尽管有暴风雨，飞行员还是安全地降落了飞机。

7．humiliate sb．驳斥；使哑口无言

He seems to enjoy putting his wife down in public．他似乎喜欢在大庭广众之下把妻子弄得哑口无言。

He was put down in the argument．他在辩论中被驳得无言以对。

8．dig；drill挖；掘

They're engaged in putting down a well．他们正在挖一口井。

9．pay a deposit付定金

She put down ＄100 on some furniture．她买家俱付了100美元定金。

10．kill an animal杀死

If the horse't leg is broken，it'll have to be put down．要是马腿断了，那只能把它杀了。

11．regard sb．as认为…是

The man looked so uneasy that I put him down for a criminal．那个人看上去非常不安，我便以为他是个罪犯。

12．write the name of sb．as willing to give（an amount of money）写出…名字以示愿出（多少钱）

I have put you down for￡5，is that all right？我已记下你的名字，你愿出5镑，对吗？

13．put on a waiting list for申请

If only he had put down for that job，he might have been a director now．要是他申请了那个工作，他现在或许就是个主任了。

You have to put down for government housing well in advance．你必须提前申请政府住房。

put forth

1．produce（leaves）长出（叶子）

In spring the trees put forth new leaves．树在春天长出新叶子。

2．bring（strength）into action；show；display使出劲；做出努力

Putting forth a great effort，he uprooted the tree．他费了好大劲才把那棵树连根拔起。

Students who put forth much effort will get ahead．勤奋的学生是会取得进步的。

In the contest，our team was trying for the prize，so we put forth a lot of effort．在比赛中，我们队力争要得奖，所以我们作了很大努力。

3．state；propose；offer（a plan）陈述，提出（计划等）

The heads of government of many countries have put forth a better system for preventing world war．许多国家的政府首脑提出了阻止世界大战爆发的更好办法。

The President put forth his best plan for cutting down on in flation．总统提出了控制通货膨胀的最佳方案。

put forward

1．propose or suggest提出

The students put forward new proposals on the running of the college to the College Education Committee．学生们向学院教育委员会提出了管理学院的建议。

I have put your name forward as the best for the job．我已提议你为这项工作的最佳人选。

2．move the hands of（a clock or watch）to a later time往前拨（钟表）

My watch was slow so I put it forward three minutes．我的表慢了，因此往前拨了3分钟。

3．move an event，appointment，etc．to an earlier time or date把…提前

We had to put our holiday forward one month．我们不得不把我们的假期提前一个月。

The warm weather has put the crops forward by a month．暖和的天气使庄稼早熟了一个月。

put in

1．cause to be in；add使加入；使进入

You find the tea too strong？Just put in more water．你觉得这茶太浓吗？多加些水进去就是了。

He put his head in at the window．他把头伸进窗口。

It's a pity that he forgot to put in some of the important details in his report．很可惜，他忘了把一些重要细节写进报告里。

2．spend time doing sth．花费（时间）；度过（时间）

Altogether，he has put in about four years'work on his thesis．他总共用了4年时间研究他的课题。

There's still a quarter of an hour to put in before the class begins．还要过一刻钟才上课。

3．make a request or application提出申请或要求

If any of the goods arrive in a damaged condition，you must put in a claim within three days．如果到的任何货物有受损情况，你必须在3天内提出赔偿要求。

You won't get the money if you don't put in for it．你如果不提出要求，这笔钱你就得不到。

4．recommend sb．for sth．推荐

His commanding officer is putting him in for the Victoria Cross．他的司令官推荐授予他维多利亚十字勋章。

We are thinking of putting John in for the 100 metres．我们考虑提名约翰参加百米赛跑。

5．do；perform干；做

She always puts in an hour's piano practice after supper．她每天晚饭后练一小时的钢琴。

6．install；fix or supply sth．安装

We put central heating in when we moved into our new house．我们搬新家时安装了中央供暖装置。

7．elect使人当选；选举

Voters put a Conservative government in at the last election．上次选举中，保守党入选了。

8．appoint任命；委派

A security man was put in to check on doors and windows．委派了一个安全人员检查门窗。

9．enter sb．or sth．in a competition参加比赛

She put herself in for the marathon．她报名参加马拉松比赛。

10．enter a port进港

The vessel put in at Xiamen during the storm．船进厦门港躲避暴雨。

11．cut in插话

“Don't forget us，”she put in．“别忘了我们。”她插话说。

put in a word for

say sth．in favor of sb．or sth．为某人或某事说话

If you have a chance to put in a word for me when you speak to the boss，I'll appreciate it．你和老板交谈时，如果能为我美言几句，我会非常感激。

His uncle put in a good word for him and he got the job．他叔叔为他说情，他才得到这份工作。

She was so unpopular that on one could be found to put in a word for her．她太不得人心了，替她说情的人一个也找不到。

put in mind of

remind sb．of使…想起

She puts me in mind of my sister．她使我想起了我的姐姐。

The way he behaves when he is angry puts me in mind of his father．他发脾气时的那付样子使我想起他的父亲。

put/bring into effect

cause sth．to operate使生效；实现

The workers of this factory have put many new measures for health protection into effect．这家工厂的工人们实行了很多新的保健措施。

We must put this policy into effect．我们必须把这个政策付诸实施。

put into practice

perform；fulfil实施

We have made our plans；now we must put them into practice．我们已经制定计划，现在该付诸实施了。

put it on

1．pretend假装

He says he's unwell，but I think he is putting it on．他说他有病，可我认为他是在装病。

He is a pretty good dancer，but he was putting it on to impress his girlfriend．他跳舞跳得相当不错，但为了给女朋友留下深刻印象，他故意卖弄了一番。

2．boast吹牛；夸张

That's rather putting it on．那是夸大其词。

It wasn't as hard as you claimed；you were putting it on．这并不象你说的那么难，你在夸大其词。

put off

1．take off脱去

As it got warmer，I put off my overcoat．天气暖和了些，我脱去了大衣。

2．postpone推迟

Never put off till tomorrow what may he done today．今天可以干的事绝不要拖到明天。

The concert had to be put off because the main singer was ill．由于主要歌唱演员病了，音乐会不得为延期。

He had to put off his trip to Japan for two weeks．他只好把去日本的行期推迟两周。

3．distract使分散

The slightest noise puts me off when I am concentrating．当我精神高度集中的时候，很轻的声音都会使我注意力分散。

I don't like people talking when I'm writing a letter；it puts me off．我写信时不喜欢别人谈话，那会使我分心。

4．embarrass；displease使为难

Don't be put off by his appearance；he's nice when you get to know him．不要对他的外表反感，当你与他熟悉后，你会觉得他为人很好。

Don't let his rough manners put you off．不要对他的粗鲁态度不高兴。

I was very hungry but the smell of rotten eggs put me off．我非常饿，但臭鸡蛋味使我倒胃口。

I was rather put off by the shamelessness of his proposal．我对他的无耻建议深感不安。

5．move out to sea出海航行

They put off in small boats to meet the coming ship．他们分乘小船出海去迎接那只大船。

6．avoid推脱；回避

He put her off with the excuse that he had too much work to do．他以有很多工作要做为借口来搪塞她。

They refused to have their demands put off．他们不许人家对他们的要求加以搪塞。

7．discourage sb．or cause sb．to lose interest in sth．使泄气；阻止；劝阻

I wanted to say something，but her face quite put me off．我本来要说几句，但看到她的神情，又没有勇气开口了。

8．let or make sb．get out of a vehicle让人下车

Ask the conductor to put you off at the next stop．告诉售票员在下一站让你下车。

9．get rid of丢弃；抛掉

He decided to put off all personal considerations and accept the task assigned to him．他决定抛弃一切个人打算，接受交给他的任务。

He had put off all personal cares．他已摆脱了一切个人的烦恼。

10．send to sleep；anaesthetize使入睡；使麻醉

This medicine will soon put you off．这种药会使你迅速入睡。

put on

1．dress oneself in穿戴

He put his coat on hurriedly and ran out of the house．他匆忙穿上外套，冲出了屋子。

2．turn on开

He opened the door and put on the light．他开了门，打开了灯。

3．pretend假装

He was not really angry．He was putting it on．他并不真生气，他是假装的。

4．present（a performance）上演

The actor put on a fine performance．这位演员的表演非常精彩。

The senior class put on a dance．高年级学生举行了一次舞会。

5．gain（weight）；increase增加（体重）；增添；上涨

She put on a lot of weight last winter．去年冬天她体重增加了很多。

6．force acceptance of sth．on sb．强迫某人接收

In those days various sorts of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies were put on the people from time to time．那时候，不时有各种苛捐杂税加在人民的身上。

Why do you put the blame on me？你为什么责怪我呢？

7．deceive欺骗

I don't believe you；you are just putting me on．我不相信你，你不过是在骗我。

8．move forward（a clock or the hands of a clock）往前拨（钟表）

He forgot to put the clock on last night．他昨晚忘了把钟往前拨了。

The English people will put on their clocks one hour for summer time the day after tomorrow．英国人后天实行夏令时间，将把钟往前拨一小时。

9．bet or risk money on sth．下…赌注

Richard put on＄5 and lost it all．理查德押了5美元，结果全输了。

put on airs

pretend to be very grand摆架子

She puts on airs all the time to try to inpress new acquaintances．她总是摆架子，以期给新结识的人留下印象。

I'm tired of those who put on airs．我讨厌摆架子的人。

put one's finger on

find exactly准确查出；找到

The engineers couldn't put their fingers on the reason for the rocket's failure to orbit．工程师们查不出火箭没能进入轨道的原因。

put one's foot down

make a strong resolution下决心

I'll have to put my foot down and stop this nonsense．我将下决心阻止这种胡闹。

put one's foot into it

make a foolish remark or make an awkward mistake说错或犯了令人困窘的错误

You certainly put your foot into it when you told the teacher that you hated homework．你对老师说你讨厌家庭作业，你这是犯了一个愚蠢的错误。

put out

1．extinguish（a fire）扑灭（火）；熄灭

The fire brigade soon put out the fire．消防队员很快就把火扑灭了。

She put out the light and closed the door．她关掉灯，然后带上了门。

2．force to leave逐出；赶走

If you keep talking in class，I'll have to put you out．如果你上课再讲话，我就把你赶出去。

He put out the cat．他把猫赶了出去。

3．make angry使生气

He never compromises on matters of principle and doesn't care who he puts out．在原则问题上他从不妥协，不怕得罪人。

She was so put out by the man's rudeness that she didn't know what to say．那个男子的无礼使她非常生气，以致于不知该说什么是好。

4．stretch out伸出

It is rude to put out your tongue at people．对别人伸舌头是不礼貌的。

She put out her hand in welcome．她伸出手来欢迎。

5．set sail出航

The ship put out to sea at dawn．这条船在黎明时启航了。

6．publish；broadcast出版；广播；发表

For years he had put out a weekly newspaper．多年来他一直在出版一种周报。

The government is about to put out a statement on its wages policy．政府将对工资政策发表声明。

7．exert（strength，etc．）使出力量

Let's put out all our strength to do it．让我们全力以赴去做。

Never had our supporters put out so much effort．支持我们的人从来没有出过这么大的力。

8．produce；generate；provide生产；产生；供应

The company puts out 900 cars a week．这家公司一星期生产900辆汽车。

The enging of a fighter puts out more than one thousand horsepower．一架战斗机的发动机输出功率高达1千多匹马力。

This eatinghouse puts out meals at moderate prices．这家餐馆供应廉价饭菜。

9．sprout new shoots，leaves，etc．，esp．of a tree or plant（植物）长出（芽、叶）

The trees start putting out their fresh green shoots in the spring．春天，树木开始长出鲜嫩的绿芽。

10．cause sb．to become unconscious使昏迷

He put out his opponent in the seventh round．在第7回合中他把对手击昏倒了。

He was put out by acupunctural anaesthesia．针刺麻醉使他失去了知觉。

11．dislocate a part of the body使脱臼

She fell down and put her shoulder out．她摔了一跤，把肩膀跌脱了臼。

12．cause figures，results，calculations，etc．to be wrong or inaccurate使误差

The rise in transportation costs has really put our estimate out．运输费的上涨使我们的预算产生了误差。

The final totals can have been put out by as much as five per cent．最后的总数可能误差达百分之五。

13．inconvenience sb．麻烦（某人）；使某人不便

You're not putting us out at all！On the contrary，we're glad to see you．你一点也没打搅我们！相反，见到你我们真是很高兴。

It won't put us out a bit if we drive you home．我们开车送你回去，一点都不麻烦。

14．lend money to sb．in order to get interest on it放款；投资

The banks have started putting out money to people wanting to buy their own houses．银行已开始借款给那些想买房子的人。

put out of the way

kill杀死

The old dog was very sick，and Father had the animal doctor put him out of the way．那条老狗病得很厉害，父亲就请兽医把它弄死。

Many patriots were put out of the way because of their opposition to the government．许多爱国者由于反对政府而被杀害了。

put over

1．（a boat，etc．）go across（船等）开到对面去

The boat has put over to the other side of the harbour．小船已开到港口的对面去了。

2．postpone推迟

The discussion of this problem will be put over to next week．这个问题将推迟到下周讨论。

The weekly meeting was put over because of the bad weather．周会因天气不好而推迟了。

3．cause sth．or sb．to be accepted or understood表达思想；使受欢迎

He wasn't elected because he didn't put his ideas over clearly enough．他没有当选，因为他没有把自己的主张说清楚。

She has put herself over the audience．她博得了观众的欢迎。

4．deceive欺骗

He is not the sort of man you can put something over on．他不是你能随便骗得了的那种人。

Mrs．Wang believed everything the antique dealer told her until she discovered that nothing he said was true．“He tried to put something over on me，”she said．王太太起先非常相信这个古玩商，后来发现他所说的全是假话。她说：“他骗了我。”

put right

1．mend修理

The washing machine broke down again，so I called the repairman to see if he could put it right．洗衣机又坏了，我请修理人员看看能否把它修好。

2．correct纠正错误

If I make a mistake when I read out the results，please put me right．我在宣读结果时如果有误，请帮我更正。

She likes to put other people right，but will，never admit making an error herself．她喜欢找别人的错，但从来都不承认自己有错。

3．make sb．feel better使身体变好

This medicine will quickly put you right after your illness．这药会使你病后的身体很快恢复健康。

put sb．in his place

criticize sb．for impolite boldness；deflate使（某人）不敢越轨；使（某人）守本分

She was a teacher who could put an impolitely bold boy in his place with just a glance．她是个瞪一眼就能叫无礼的男生听话的老师。

If he dares to be impudent with me again，I'll put him in his place．要是他再敢对我无礼，我就要对他不客气了。

put through

1．complete successfully顺利完成

He put through an important business deal yesterday．昨天他做成了一笔大生意。

We can put this task through tomorrow．我们明天可以完成这项工作。

2．cause to pass or succeed使通过；使成功

Ten U．S．senators helped to put the bill through Congress；the president was very grateful for this special support．10个美国参议员使这项议案在国会里通过了，总统对此特殊的支持深表感激。

3．connect sb．by telephone接通电话

Can you put me through to this number？你能替我接通这个电话吗？

put to

1．submit a question，belief，proposal，etc．to sb．for consideration 提出（问题等）

I would like to put a question to the speaker，if I may．如果可能的话，我很想向演讲者提个问题。

I put it to you，Minister，that unemployment will continue to rise．部长，我提请您注意，失业率将继续上升。

2．ask sb．to decide sth．；resolve sth．by voting or discussing把…委托…表决

May we put the proposal to the meeting？我们能把这个提议在会上表决吗？

The committee will put your proposal to a vote．委员会将把你的建议付诸表决。

3．subject sb．to a lot of worry，trouble，distress，etc．使遭受

You can't imagine the trouble we've been put to by him．你很难想象他给我们带来的麻烦。

put to（good）use

make effective use of；utilize well 充分利用；使用

Smart businessmen put their money to use in the best investment．精明的商人把钱用在最赚钱的投资上。

If you want to draw value from your education，put your study time to good use．如果你想从教育中得益，就要充分利用你的学习时间。

put to sea

set sail；start a voyage启航

The captain said the ship would put to sea at six in the morning．船长说船于早晨6点启航。

put together

assemble组装

It's easier to take a machine to pieces than to put it together again．拆卸机器比重新安装要容易。

He put the story together by asking lots of people what had happened．通过向许多人了解所发生的事，他把故事串连了起来。

put up

1．build；construct建造；搭起

They are putting up several new buildings in that block．他们正在那一街区建几幢楼房。

Several tents have been put up to accommodate the party．搭起了几个帐篷来给这一行人住。

2．provide food and lodging for sb．为…提供食宿

Yes，we can put you up for a night or two．是的，我们可以安排你住一两夜。

We shall be happy to put you up when you come to town next month．你们下个月到城里来时我们将很乐意为你们提供膳宿。

You're welcome to put up in my home for the night．欢迎你们在我家过夜。

They put Frank up at a good hotel．他们安排弗兰克住在一家很好的旅馆里。

3．preserve（food）；lay aside保存（食品）；把…搁置起来

The fans have been put up for the winter．冬天人们把扇子收了起来。

The farmers put up the apples in barrels．农民用桶保存苹果。

4．provide（money needed）in advance预先提供（所需的钱）

He promised to put up the money for the scheme．他许诺要为这项计划提供资金。

He is willing to put up money on the local team．他乐意把赌注下在本地球队上。

5．offer for sale出售

She put the house up for sale．她的这幢房子待售。

6．increase the price of sth．提高价格

Universities have just put up their fees．大学刚提高了收费标准。

7．offer oneself as a candidate for an election参加竞选

He is putting up for Parliament next year．他准备明年参加议会选举。

Has your father been put up to serve on the committee？你父亲已被选为委员会成员了吗？

8．pack up包装

They usually put up six packs to a carton．他们通常把6包装成1盒。

They're busy putting fish up in barrels．他们正忙着装鱼入桶。

9．offer a struggle，resistance，defence，etc．进行斗争、抵抗等

The militia put up a stout resistance．民兵进行了顽强的抵抗。

10．display；show显示出；表现出

I think he's only putting up a bluff．我想他不过是虚张声势。

11．place（a notice，etc．）so as to be seen张贴；公布

The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the College notice board．录取名单将公布在学院布告栏里。

12．put to the original place放回原处

When you have done with the book，please put it up in its place．书用完后，请放回原处。

13．put forward提出

I'd like to put up an idea for your consideration．我想提个意见供你考虑。

14．make up sth．准备（饭菜）；配制（药品）

Would you be so kind as to put up a quick meal for me？劳驾来一份快餐好吗？

The druggist put up the medicine that the doctor had prescribed．药剂师把医生开的药配制出来。

put up to

1．encourage；entice唆使；鼓动

They put me up to it！It wasn't my idea to make trouble．是他们煽动我闹事的，这本不是我的主意。

Older boys put us up to painting the statue red on Halloween．大些的男孩鼓动我们在万圣节前将雕像漆成红色。

2．offer sth．to sb．for consideration将…提交考虑

Your idea is good；I'll put it up to the manager tomorrow．你的想法不错，我明天提请经理考虑。

put up with

suffer or bear patiently；tolerate 容忍

I cannot put up with all this noise．我无法忍受这些噪音。

I can't put up with their bad behavior any longer．我再也不能忍受他们的恶劣行为了。

No longer able to put up with my toothache，I went to consult a dentist．我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去请牙科医生诊治。

puzzle out

understand；find the answer to （sth．difficult）by thinking hard 理解；设法解决难题

I managed to puzzle out the code．我设法破译了密码。

I couldn't puzzle out his intentions．我琢磨不出他的意图。

puzzle over

try to understand sth．difficult or confusing思索

Don't disturb her；she is puzzling over something important．别打扰她，她正专心考虑一件重要的事。

I quite puzzle over the present situation．我对于目前的形势迷惑不解。

送人玫瑰手留余香。